Investigation of Obesity, Physical Activity and Self-Efficacy-Efficacy Levels in Primary School Students

Abstract

Purpose: The research was conducted to examine the obesity status, nutritional knowledge and behaviors, physical activity and selfefficacy levels of children aged 7-9 years.

Materials and Methods: The research was carried out with 183 students in a primary school in September-December 2017. Anthropometric measurements of the students were taken. “Nutrition Knowledge Level Determination Form”, “Nutrition Behavior Determination Form”, “Anthropometric Measurement Monitorization Form”, “Self-Efficacy Scale-Child Form” and “Child Physical Activity Questionnaire” were used in data collection. SPSS package program version 25 was used for data analysis.

Results: The mean age of the students was 7.94±0.4 years. According to the body mass index of the students, 17.2% were overweight and 16.7% were obese. 13.5% of the students had high body fat (85-97 percentile), 11.1% were obese (≥97 percentile). The mean score of the Self-Efficacy Scale was 44.76±3.86, and the mean score of the Child Physical Activity Questionnaire was 3.01±0.6. While the fiber and potassium intakes of the students were insufficient according to their needs, their sodium intake was determined to be high. When the energy ratios obtained from protein, fat and carbohydrates were examined, the energy obtained from fat was found to be high in both genders.

Conclusion: It was determined that the body weight of one out of every three students was above average. In the light of these findings, the possibility of children being obese during adolescence and adulthood and the increase in the burden of disease that will happen if comprehensive interventions are not taken should be perceived as a clear warning by health professionals and school administrators.

It is recommended that studies should be carried out by multidisciplinary team members in school health studies to provide children positive nutritional behaviors.

Keywords

• nutrition habits
• nutritional status
• primary education
• obesity
• school health

İlkokul Öğrencilerinde Obezite, Fiziksel Aktivite ve Özetkililik-Yeterlilik Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Araştırma, 7-9 yaş arası çocuklarda obezite durumunu, beslenme bilgisi ve davranışlarını, fiziksel aktivite ile özetkililik-yeterlilik düzeylerini incelemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür.

Araçlar ve Yöntem: Araştırma, bir ilköğretim okulunda Eylül-Aralık 2017 tarihinde 183 öğrenci ile yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilerin antropometrik ölçümleri alınmıştır. Veri toplamada “Beslenme Bilgi Düzeyi Belirleme Formu”, “Beslenme Davranışlarını Belirleme Formu”, “Antropometrik Ölçüm İzlem Formu”, “Özetkililik-Yeterlik Ölçeği-Çocuk Formu” ve “Çocuk Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi” kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde SPSS 25 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 7.94±0.4 yıldı. Öğrenciler beden kütle indekslerine göre %17.2’sinin fazla kilolu, %16.7’sinin obez olduğu saptandı. Öğrencilerin %13.5’inin vücut yağ oranı yüksek (85-97 persentil), %11.1’i ise obezdi (≥97 persentil). Özetkililik-Yeterlilik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 44.76±3.86, Çocuk Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi puan ortalaması 3.01±0.6 olarak bulundu. Öğrencilerin posa ve potasyum alımı gereksinimlerine göre yetersiz iken sodyum alımları yüksek olarak belirlendi. Öğrencilerin protein, yağ ve karbonhidrattan sağladıkları enerji oranları incelendiğinde yağdan gelen enerji her iki cinsiyette de yüksek bulundu.

Sonuç: Her üç öğrenciden birinin vücut ağırlığının normalin üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular ışığında kapsamlı müdahalelerle önlem alınmazsa çocukların adölesan ve yetişkin dönemlerini de obez olarak geçirme ve hastalık yüklerinin artması olasılığı sağlık profesyonelleri ve okul yönetimleri tarafından açık bir uyarı olarak algılanmalıdır. Okul sağlığı çalışmalarında çocuklara olumlu beslenme davranışları kazandırmaya yönelik multidisipliner ekip üyelerince çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir. 

Keywords

• beslenme alışkanlıkları
• beslenme durumu
• ilköğretim
• obezite
• okul sağlığı

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