Pathogenesis and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 02.08.2017

FURKAN Kurt , HURİYE Arıkan SÜMEYYE Karadoğan , HELİN Karakuş ESRA NUR Kağıtlı RAŞİT Kılıç

Öz

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the most important
preventable and / or treatable causes of blindness worldwide, is one of the
most important complications of diabetes. Compared to the general population,
the risk of blindness is 25 times more. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy
is 77% in patients with type 1 diabetes and 25% in type 2 diabetes. According
to the World Health Organization, DR is responsible for 4.8% of all blindness
in the world. Although there have been many studies to understand the pathogenesis
of diabetic retinopathy, it has not been fully elucidated. However, good blood glucose
regulation and control of other systemic factors such as hypertension and
hyperlipidemia are very important in stopping the progression of the disease.
Despite all the advances in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy, there is no
treatment yet that removes retinopathy and leads to sequel-free recovery.
Nevertheless, current treatment modalities can prevent legal blindness and
allow patients to continue their lives with a level of acceptable vision. It is
important to compile up-to-date information, especially in ophthalmology, due
to the current advances in the diagnosis and treatment methods of diseases.
Therefore, the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and current treatment
methods were reviewed in this review.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: argon laser photocoagulation, diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis, diabetic retinopathy treatment, neovascularization, pars plana vitrectomy

DİYABETİK RETİNOPATİ PATOGENEZİ VE TEDAVİSİ

Öz

Tüm dünyada
önlenebilir ve / veya tedavi edilebilir en önemli körlük nedenlerinden biri
olan diyabetik retinopati (DR), diabetin en önemli komplikasyonlarından
biridir. Genel popülasyona göre körlük riski 25 kat daha fazladır. Diyabetik
retinopati prevelansı tip 1 diyabetli hastalarda %77 iken, tip 2 diyabetik
hastalarda ise % 25 civarındadır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü verilerine göre dünya
genelindeki tüm körlüklerin %4.8 den DR sorumludur. Diyabetik retinopati
patogenezinin anlaşılmasına yönelik yapılan birçok çalışma olmasına rağmen, tam
olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Ancak iyi bir kan şekeri regülasyonu ve HT,
hiperlipidemi gibi diğer sistemik faktörlerin kontrolü hastalığın progresyonunu
durdurmada çok önemlidir. Diyabetik retinopati tedavisindeki tüm ilerlemelere
rağmen henüz retinopatiyi ortadan kaldıran ve sekelsiz iyileşmeyi sağlayan bir
tedavi yöntemi yoktur. Yine de, güncel tedavi yöntemleri, yasal körlüğün önüne
geçebilmekte ve kabul edilebilir sınırlarda bir görme düzeyi ile hastaların
hayatlarını sürdürmelerine olanak sağlamaktadır. Günümüzdeki hastalıkların,
özelikle oftalmolojide, tanı ve tedavi yöntemlerindeki hızlı ilerlemeler
nedeniyle güncel bilgilerin derlenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bundan dolayı bu
derlemede diyabetik retinopati patogenezi ve güncel tedavi yöntemleri
incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

: Argon lazer fotokoagülasyon, diyabetik retinopati patogenezi, diyabetik retinopati tedavisi, neovaskülarizasyon, pars plana vitrektomi

Kaynakça

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