Plant Based Diets in Climate Supported Nutrition and Effects on Health

Abstract

The global climate crisis, which is affected more deeply every day, has become a major problem worldwide by affecting ecosystems and human life with its results. While the most concrete beginning of the climate crisis is seen as the industrial revolution, the mechanization accompanying the population increase contributes to this problem exponentially. The food system has one of the biggest shares in the climate crisis, which is an intersectoral problem. The food system, which has negative environmental effects, is one of the most important sectors in the world, especially in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, water requirement and land use. The food chains that support diets are linked to environmental issues. While providing an adequate and balanced diet to the growing world population, it is a mandatory requirement to consider the environmental damage of diets in order not to exceed the load capacity of the environment. Developments in diet and consumption, for example, the preference of animal foods such as meat, eggs and milk over vegetable-based diets increases carbon emissions many times over. If protein intake is met from legumes and grains instead of the livestock sector, which causes methane gas emissions as a result of its production and processing, it creates an average of 5 billion tons of difference in greenhouse gas emissions. Alternative plant-based diet patterns were created by evaluating food consumption and sustainability. Plant-based dietary patterns are bioactive ingredient that optimizes the body and has been associated with positive health effects due to its macro and micronutrient content. Previous studies have shown that plant-based diets are an effective form of drug-free treatment for health problems such as glycemic control, blood lipid level control, diabetes, hypertension, some types of cancer, Crohn's disease and heart disease. In this review study, the positive effects of plant-based diets on environmental health as well as human health were examined by considering the relationship between human footprint and dietary choices.

Keywords

• Climate crisis
• Animal food alternatives
• Sustainable nutrition
• Plant-based nutrition

İklim Destekli Beslenmede Bitki Bazlı Diyetler ve Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Öz

Her gün daha derinden etkilenilen küresel iklim krizi, sonuçlarıyla ekosistemleri ve insan hayatını tesiri altına alarak dünya genelinde büyük bir sorun haline gelmiştir. İklim krizinin en somut başlangıcı sanayi devrimi olarak görülürken nüfus artışına eşlik eden makineleşme bu soruna üstel olarak katkıda bulunur. Sektörler arası bir sorun olan iklim krizinde en büyük paylardan birine de gıda sistemi sahiptir. Olumsuz çevresel etkileri olan gıda sistemi, özellikle sera gazları emisyonu (GHGE), su gereksinimi ve arazı kullanımı açısından dünyadaki en önemli sektörlerden biridir. Diyetleri destekleyen besin zincirleri, çevresel sorunlarla bağlantılıdır. Artan dünya nüfusuna yeterli ve dengeli bir beslenme düzeni sağlanırken çevrenin yük kapasitesini aşmamak için diyetlerin çevresel zararını göz önünde bulundurmak zorunlu bir gereksinimdir. Diyet ve tüketim alanındaki gelişmeler, örneğin et, yumurta, süt gibi hayvansal ürünlerin sebze ağırlıklı beslenmeye göre daha çok tercih edilmesi karbon salınımını kat be kat arttırır. Protein alımının, üretimi ve işlenişi sonucu metan gazı (CH4) emisyonuna sebep olan hayvancılık sektörü yerine kuru baklagil ve tahıllardan karşılanması halinde sera gazı emisyonunda ortalama 5 milyar tonluk gibi büyük bir fark yaratır. Gıda tüketimi ve sürdürülebilirlikleri değerlendirilerek alternatif bitki bazlı diyet kalıpları oluşturulmuştur. Bitki bazlı diyet kalıpları; vücudu optimize eden biyoaktif bileşen, makro ve mikro besin içeriğinden dolayı olumlu sağlık etkileriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Daha önce yapılan çalışmalar bitki bazlı diyetlerin glisemik kontrol, kan lipid seviyesi kontrolü, diyabet, hipertansiyon, bazı kanser türleri, crohn hastalığı ve kalp hastalıkları gibi sağlık sorunları için etkili bir ilaçsız tedavi şekli olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu derleme makalede insan ayak izi ve diyet seçimleri arasındaki ilişki ele alınarak, bitki bazlı diyetlerin çevre sağlığının yan sıra insan sağlığına da olumlu yöndeki etkileri incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• iklim krizi
• sürdürülebilirlik
• bitki bazlı beslenme

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