Karkas ve Et Derecelendirme Sistemlerinin Karşılaştırılması

Yıl 2022, Sayı: 4, 69 - 82, 30.09.2022

Akın Aydın Aksel

Öz

Karkas sınıflandırma sistemleri; Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Kanada ve Japonya’da kullanılmaktadır. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, Kanada ve Japonya sınıflandırmayı verim ve kalite sınıflandırması olarak ikiye ayırmasına rağmen Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri karkasları sadece verim yönünden sınıflandırmaktadırlar. Avrupa Komisyonu tarafından kullanılan karkas sınıflandırma yönteminde karkaslar gelişmişliklerine göre altı (S, E, U, R, O ve P) yağ durumlarına göre beş (1,2,3,4 ve 5) gruba ayrılmaktadır. Türk Standartları Enstitüsünün belirlemiş olduğu sığır gövde etlerinin sınıflandırılması işlemi Avrupa Komisyonunun belirlemiş olduğu sisteme benzemektedir. Türk Standartları Enstitüsü sığır gövde etlerini; yaş ve cinsiyete göre gruplara, piyasaya arz ediliş şekillerine göre tiplere ve kalite özelliklerine göre sınıflara ayırmaktadır.
Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, 12 Aralık 2020 tarihinde Sığır Karkasının Sınıflandırmasına Dair Yönetmeliği yayımlamıştır. Yönetmelik sığır karkasları için sınıflandırma ölçütlerinin belirlenmesi, uygulanması, denetlenmesi ve pazar fiyatlarının raporlanmasına ilişkin kuralları Avrupa Komisyonunun belirlemiş olduğu sınıflandırma sistemine göre düzenlemektedir.
Bu derlemede, sınıflandırma sistemlerinin karşılaştırmalı özeti yapılmış olup Türkiye’de uygulanacak olan karkas sınıflandırma sistemi hakkında değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karkas Sınıflandırması, Verim Sınıflandırması, Kalite Sınıflandırması, SEUROP

Teşekkür

Katkılarından ve desteğinden dolayı Prof.Dr. Ceyhan ÖZBEYAZ'a teşekkür ederim.

Comparison of Carcass and Meat Grading Systems

Öz

The carcass classification systems are used in the European Union Countries, United States of America, Canada and Japan. Although United States of America, Canada and Japan divide the classification into yield and quality classifications, European Union Countries classify carcasses only in terms of yield. In the carcass classification system used by the European Commission, carcasses are divided into six (S, E, U, R, O and P) groups according to their comformation and divided into five (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) groups according to their degree of fat cover. The classification of beef body meats determined by the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) is similar to the system, SEUROP, determined by the European Commission. Turkish Standards Institute about that beef body meats; It divides them into groups according to age and gender, into types according to the way they are placed on the market, and into classes according to their quality characteristics.
The Regulation on the Classification of Cattle Carcass was published on 12 December 2020 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. According to the classification system determined by the European Commission the Regulation arrange the determination, implementation, inspection of classification criteria for cattle carcasses and the reporting of market prices.
In this review, a comparative summary of the classification systems has been made and assesments have been made about the carcass classification system to be applied in Turkey.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carcass grading, Yield grading, Quality grading, SEUROP

Kaynakça

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