Jeopolitik ve Koridorlar: Kuşak Yol Girişimi (BRI) Örneği

Öz

Koridorlar, jeoekonomi ve genel olarak ticaretin yanı sıra, jeopolitikle de yakından ilişkilidir ve bir kuvvet çarpanı işlevi görür. Bu bağlamda koridorlar, uluslararası düzenin ve ticaret alanının yeniden şekillendirilmesinde dönüştürücü etkilere sahiptir. Çin'in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi (BRI) kapsamındaki altı kara koridoru ve deniz rotası, esas olarak Avrasya'da tanımlanan bir jeopolitik kapsama sahiptir. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi koridorlarının Avrasya Rimland (Kenar Kuşak) ve Heartland (Kalpgah) bölgelerine olası etkileri ve bu bölgeler etrafındaki güç mücadelesi Avrasya'nın kaderi açısından jeopolitik önem taşımaktadır. BRI koridorları Heartland ve Rimland'a geniş kapılar açsa da, karşılaştırmalı olarak Rimland'ın rolü ve işlevinin derinleşmesi muhtemeldir. Çin, koridorlar aracılığıyla bu önemli bölgeler arasındaki bağlantıyı artırırken, ABD'nin öncülüğündeki blokun karşı projeleri ve özellikle Hindistan uzantılı alternatif koridorlar, esasen Çin'in etkisini sınırlamak amacıyla konumlandırılmıştır. Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi'nin tetiklediği koridor savaşları göz önüne alındığında, çok kutuplu düzende Avrasya'da tek başına bir aktörün hegemonya kurması daha zor görünmektedir. Bu çalışma, ikinci kaynaklara dayalı literatür analizi niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada jeopolitiğin temel kavramsal çerçevesi içerisinde koridorların jeopolitik boyutu değerlendirilmektedir. Bu tanımlar doğrultusunda, Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi koridorlarının Avrasya'daki olası jeopolitik etkileri ve bölgesel ve hegemonik rekabete yansımaları klasik jeopolitik teoriler açısından tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma koridor konusunu esas olarak jeopolitik terminoloji bağlamında inceleyerek literatüre katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Koridorlar
• Jeopolitik
• Heartland
• Rimland
• Hegemonya

Geopolitics and Corridors: The BRI Example

Öz

Apart from geoeconomics and trade in general, corridors are closely related to geopolitics, and function as a force multiplier. In this vein, corridors have transformative impacts in reshaping international order as well as sphere of trade. Six land corridors and maritime routes under the China’s Belt and Road Initiative (the BRI) have a geopolitical scope which mainly defined in Eurasia. The BRI corridors’ possible impacts to the Eurasian Rimland and Heartland, and power struggle around these regions bear geopolitical importance for the destiny of Eurasia. Although the BRI corridors widely open doors to the Heartland and the Rimland, comparatively Rimland’s role and function likely to deepen. While China increases the connectivity between these pivotal regions through the corridors, the US led block’s counter projects, and particularly alternative corridors with India extention have mainly positioned to restrict China’s influence. Given the corridor wars which were triggered by the BRI, maintenance of hegemony by any sole actor over the Eurasia seems harder in the multipolar order. This study is a kind of literature analysis based on secondary sources. In this study, corridors’ geopolitical aspect is evaluated in the basic conceptual framework of geopolitics. In line with this definitions, possible geopolitical impacts of the BRI corridors in Eurasia and their reflections on regional and hegemonic competition were discussed in terms of classical geopolitical theories. In that respect, this study aims to contribute literature by examining the corrridor issue mainly in the context of geopolitical terminology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Corridors
• Geopolitics
• Heartland
• Rimland
• Hegemony.

Kaynakça

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