Arkeolojik Veriler Işığında Antik Yunan’da Kadının Eş Kimliğinin Temsili

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Aile Özel Sayısı, 1 - 20, 28.02.2026

Meral Çelik

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1784190

https://izlik.org/JA62RK97FG

Öz

Bu çalışma, Antik Yunan’da kadının toplumsal konumunu özellikle eş kimliği bağlamında ele alarak, arkeolojik ve ikonografik veriler üzerinden kadın temsilini incelemektedir. Antik Yunan toplumunda kadın, siyasal haklardan yoksun olmasına rağmen, evlilik aracılığıyla oikosun devamlılığını, soyun aktarımını ve yurttaşlık statüsünün meşruiyetini sağlayan temel figürlerden biri olarak belirleyici bir rol üstlenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, kadının bu işlevinin arkeolojik belgelerde nasıl görselleştirildiğini ortaya koymak ve söz konusu temsilleri aile yapısı, toplumsal normlar ve cinsiyet rolleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada yöntem olarak, öncelikle yazılı kaynaklarda kadının statüsüne ilişkin bilgiler aktarılmış; ardından Klasik ve Hellenistik dönemlere ait arkeolojik malzeme, özellikle Attika vazoları ve mezar stelleri üzerinden ikonografik analiz yapılmıştır. Vazo resimleri, evlilik ritüellerini ve gelinin toplumsal aidiyet kazanımını görselleştirirken, mezar stelleri kadınları eş ve anne kimlikleriyle yüceltmiş, dexiosis ve anakalypsis gibi hareketlerle evlilik bağlarını sembolize etmiştir. Ayrıca çeyiz sandıkları, takı kutuları ve hizmetçi figürleri gibi ikonografik unsurlar, kadının eş olarak rolünü ve hane içindeki konumunu vurgulayan tamamlayıcı göstergeler olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, arkeolojik malzeme, kadının bireysel kimliğinin geri planda bırakıldığını, ancak eş ve anne rolleri üzerinden toplumsal hafızada kalıcı kılındığını göstermektedir. Bu temsil biçimleri, yalnızca bireysel yaşam öykülerini değil, aynı zamanda Antik Yunan toplumunda evlilik kurumunun kültürel ve ideolojik boyutlarını da görünür kılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attik vazo , dexiosis , kadın , mezar steli

The Representation of Female Spousal Identity in Ancient Greece in the Light of Archaeological Evidence

https://izlik.org/JA62RK97FG

Öz

This study examines the social position of women in Ancient Greece, focusing particularly on their identity as wives, and analyzes their representation through archaeological and iconographic evidence. In Ancient Greek society, although women were deprived of political rights, they assumed a decisive role as fundamental figures who ensured the continuity of the oikos, the transmission of lineage, and the legitimacy of civic status through marriage. The aim of the study is to reveal how this function of women was visualized in archaeological sources and to evaluate these representations within the framework of family structure, social norms, and gender roles. As a method, information on the status of women in written sources was first presented; subsequently, archaeological material from the Classical and Hellenistic periods, especially Attic vases and funerary stelai, was analyzed iconographically. Vase paintings visualized marriage rituals and the acquisition of social identity by the bride; funerary stelai glorified women with their identities as wives and mothers, symbolizing marital bonds through gestures such as dexiosis and anakalypsis. In addition, iconographic elements such as dowry chests, jewelry boxes, and servant figures were evaluated as complementary indicators emphasizing the woman’s role as a wife and her position within the household. In conclusion, the archaeological material shows that women’s individual identity was pushed into the background, but that they were made permanent in social memory through their roles as wives and mothers. These forms of representation make visible not only individual life stories but also the cultural and ideological dimensions of the institution of marriage in Ancient Greek society.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Attic vase , dexiosis , woman , stele

Kaynakça

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