Dijital Çağda Aile: Dijital Ebeveynlik, Ebeveynlik Stilleri ve Ebeveyn-Çocuk İletişimi Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 12 Sayı: Aile Özel Sayısı, 545 - 564, 28.02.2026

Ezgi Saylan Çolak , Recep Çolak

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1816524

https://izlik.org/JA87LG34NC

Öz

Dijital teknolojilerin günlük yaşamın ayrılmaz bir parçası haline gelmesiyle birlikte ebeveynlerin dijital medya kullanımı ve dijital ebeveynlik yaklaşımları çocukların gelişimi üzerinde belirleyici bir faktör haline gelmiştir. Dolayısıyla dijital ebeveynliğin ebeveynlik stilleri ve iletişim biçimleriyle nasıl bir bütünlük oluşturduğunu anlamanın çocukların dijital deneyimlerinin niteliğini değerlendirmek açısından önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu bağlamda mevcut araştırma dijital ebeveynlik, ebeveyn çocuk iletişimi ve ebeveynlik stilleri arasındaki ilişkileri çok yönlü olarak incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Yordayıcı korelasyonel araştırmaya göre yapılandırılan bu araştırmanın katılımcılarını 3-6 yaşları arasında çocuğu olan toplam 217 ebeveyn (anne ya da baba) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada ebeveynlik stillerinin ve ebeveyn çocuk iletişiminin dijital ebeveynlik üzerindeki yordayıcı rolünü belirlemek amacıyla hiyerarşik regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Bağımlı değişkenler için analizler ayrı ayrı gerçekleştirilmiş ve birinci adımda ebeveynlik stilleri (Model 1), ikinci adımda ebeveyn çocuk iletişimi (Model 2) bağımsız değişkenler olarak eklenmiştir. Hiyerarşik regresyon analizi sonuçlarına göre ebeveynlik stilleri ve ebeveyn çocuk iletişimi birlikte olumsuz model olma, dijital ihmal, risklerden koruma ve verimli kullanım ile anlamlı bir ilişki sergilemişlerdir. Bu değişkenler birlikte olumsuz model olmadaki varyansın %28’ini, dijital ihmaldeki varyansın %21’ini, risklerden korumadaki varyansın %22’sini ve verimli kullanımdaki varyansın %15’ini açıklamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlardan hareketle mevcut araştırmanın hem dijital çağda ebeveynlik olgusuna ilişkin kuramsal bilgi birikimine katkı sunduğu hem de ebeveynlik uygulamalarının dijital çağın gereklilikleri doğrultusunda yeniden değerlendirilmesine yönelik ampirik bir temel sağladığı ifade edilebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dijital ebeveynlik , iletişim , ebeveynlik stilleri.

Etik Beyan

Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi için Trabzon Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulu’ndan 29.09.2025 tarihli ve E-81614018-050.04-2500057054 sayılı Etik Kurulu Onay Belgesi alınmıştır.

The Family in the Digital Age: The Relationship Between Digital Parenting, Parenting Styles, and Parent-Child Communication

https://izlik.org/JA87LG34NC

Öz

As digital technologies become an integral part of daily life, parents’ use of digital media and their digital parenting styles have become decisive factors in children’s development. Therefore, understanding how digital parenting integrates with parenting styles and communication patterns is important for evaluating the quality of children’s digital experiences. In this context, the current study aimed to examine the relationships among digital parenting, parent-child communication, and parenting styles in a multifaceted manner. This predictive correlational study included 217 parents (mothers or fathers) with children aged 3 to 6 years. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine the predictive roles of parenting styles and parent-child communication on digital parenting. Analyses were performed separately for the dependent variables, with parenting styles (Model 1) entered as independent variables in the first step and parent-child communication (Model 2) entered in the second step. According to the hierarchical regression analysis results, parenting styles and parent-child communication together showed a significant relationship with being a role model, digital negligence, protecting from risks, and efficient usage. These variables together explain 28% of the variance in being a role model, 21% of the variance in digital negligence, 22% of the variance in protecting from risks, and 15% of the variance in efficient usage. Based on these results, the current study contributes to the theoretical knowledge base on parenting in the digital age and provides an empirical basis for re-evaluating parenting practices to meet the requirements of the digital age.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Digital parenting , communication , parenting styles.

Etik Beyan

An Ethics Committee Approval Certificate dated 29.09.2025 and numbered E-81614018-050.04-2500057054 was obtained from the Trabzon University Social and Humanities Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee for the conduct of the research.

Kaynakça

• Akkaya, S., Gezer-Sen, B. and Karadere, M., (2021). Examining the relationship between multidimensional parenting styles and digital parenting awareness levels of parents. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues. 13(4), 546-573. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v13i4.6132
• Al‐Sammak, N. I., Younis, M. A., Abdulrhman, A. A., Thanoon, M. A., Salim, U. A., Khalil, R. M. and Muhammed, H. T. (2025). The impact of electronic devices on children’s behaviour. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 61(6), 905-909. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpc.70043
• Arabacı, N. ve Ömeroğlu, E. (2016). Anne-Baba-Çocuk İletişimi Değerlendirme Aracı’nın (ABÇİDA) geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(7), 1-21.
• Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Prentice-Hall.
• Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 1–103. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0030372
• Bedford, R., Saez de Urabain, I. R., Cheung, C. H., Karmilof-Smith, A. and Smith, T. J. (2016). Toddlers’ fine motor milestone achievement is associated with early touchscreen scrolling. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1108. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01108
• Berk, L. E. (2019). Exploring child development. Pearson.
• Bleakley, A., Jordan, A. B. and Hennessy, M. (2013). The relationship between parents’ and children’s television viewing. Pediatrics, 132(2), e364-e371. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2012-3415
• Brebner, C., Jovanovic, J., Lawless, A. and Young, J. (2016). Early childhood educators’ understanding of early communication: Application to their work with young children. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 32(3), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265659016630034
• Burns, T. and Gottschalk, F. (2019). Educating 21st century children: Emotional well-being in the digital age. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/b7f33425-en
• Choy, Y. N., Lau, E. Y. H. and Wu, D. (2024). Digital parenting and its impact on early childhood development: A scoping review. Education and Information Technologies, 29(16), 22147-22187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12643-w
• Clemente-Suárez, V. J., Beltrán-Velasco, A. I., Herrero-Roldán, S., Rodriguez-Besteiro, S., Martínez-Guardado, I., Martín-Rodríguez, A. and Tornero-Aguilera, J. F. (2024). Digital device usage and childhood cognitive development: Exploring effects on cognitive abilities. Children, 11(1299), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11111299
• Cihan, B. B., Ilgar, E. A. and Öcal, N. Ü. (2023). Being a child in the digital world: Balancing anxiety levels. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 14(1), 68-75. http://doi.org/10.31067/acusaglik.1134538
• Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Pearson Education, Inc
• Darling, N. and Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487-496. https://doi/10.1037/0033-2909.113.3.487
• Doğan, T. ve Çamurcu, Ş. (2025). Communication and the importance of communication in child development. Contemporary Issues of Communication, 4(1), 217-227. https://doi.org/10.62425/conicom.1642225
• Erdoğan, G. (2025). Ebeveynlerin ebeveynlik tutumları ile bağlanma stilleri arasındaki ilişki. Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 16(2), 2774-2795. https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1705375
• Estlein, R. (2021). Parenting as a communication process: Integrating interpersonal communication theory and parenting styles conceptualization. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 13(1), 21-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/jftr.12407
• Farokhzad, P. (2015). Childrearing styles and family communication patterns among university students. International Journal of Business, Human and Social Sciences, 9(5), 1711-1716.
• Feldman, R. S. (2021). Discovering the life span. Pearson.
• Fidan, A. ve Seferoğlu, S. S. (2020). Online environments and digital parenting: An investigation of approaches, problems, and recommended solutions. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 9(2), 352-372. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.664141
• Field, A. (2024). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics. SAGE Publications.
• Gable, S. (2016). Communicating effectively with children (2016). Retrieved from https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/51640/gh6123-2016.pdf?sequence=1 in 25.09.2025
• George, D. and Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for Windows Step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge.
• Herodotou, C. (2018). Young children and tablets: A systematic review of efects on learning and development. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12220
• Hinkley, T., Verbestel, V., Ahrens, W., Lissner, L., Molnár, D., Moreno, L. A., ... and Idefics Consortium. (2014). Early childhood electronic media use as a predictor of poorer well-being: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(5), 485-492. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.94
• Jiao, J. (2021). Family communication patterns and emerging adults’ attachment with parents and romantic partners. Communication Research Reports, 38(4), 229-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2021.1922373
• Kaya, İ. ve Mutlu-Bayraktar, D. (2021). Türkiye’de yapılan dijital ebeveynlik araştırmalarına yönelik bir içerik analizi çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 1046-1082. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.928805
• Konok, V., Bunford, N. and Miklósi, Á. (2020). Associations between child mobile use and digital parenting style in Hungarian families. Journal of Children and Media, 14(1), 91-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2019.1684332
• Kurtdede-Fidan, N. and Olur, B. (2023). Examining the relationship between parents’ digital parenting self-efficacy and digital parenting attitudes. Education and Information Technologies, 28(11), 15189-15204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11841-2
• Lauricella, A. R. Wartella, E., and Rideout, V. J. (2015). Young children’s screen time: The complex role of parent and child factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 36, 11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001
• Livingstone, S. and Helsper, E. J. (2008). Parental mediation of children's internet use. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 52(4), 581-599. http://doi.org/10.1080/08838150802437396
• Madigan, S., Browne, D., Racine, N., Mori, C. and Tough, S. (2019). Association between screen time and children’s performance on a developmental screening test. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(3), 244–250. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.5056
• Manap, A. ve Durmuş, E. (2020). Dijital ebeveynlik farkındalık ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 978-993. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.711101
• Manap, A. ve Durmuş, E. (2021). Dijital ebeveynlik farkındalığının çeşitli değişkenler, aile içi roller ve çocukta internet bağımlılığı açısından incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.19160/ijer.837749
• Mantilla, A. and Edwards, S. (2019). Digital technology use by and with young children: A systematic review for the Statement on Young Children and Digital Technologies. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 44(2), 182-195. https://doi.org/10.1177/1836939119832744
• Mascheroni, G., Ponte, C. and Jorge, A. (2018). Digital parenting: The challenges for families in the digital age, yearbook 2018. Nordicom.
• Mbiriri, M. (2025). A Systematic Review of the Impact of Media and Digital Technology on Child Development. African Multidisciplinary Journal of Research, 1(1), 634-650. https://doi.org/10.71064/spu.amjr.1.1.2025.375
• McNaughton, J. and Niedzwiecki, C. K. (2000). Gender differences in parent child communication patterns. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 3, 25-32.
• Melanlıoğlu, D. (2012). Dinleme becerisinin geliştirilmesinde ailenin rolü. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, 7(29), 65-77.
• Merdin, E. (2024). Türkiye’de erken çocukluk döneminde dijital medya kullanımı ile ilgili gerçekleştirilmiş lisansüstü çalışmaların incelenmesi. International Social Sciences Studies Journal, 9(114), 8092-8098. http://doi.org/10.29228/sssj.715
• Modecki, K. L., Goldberg, R. E., Wisniewski, P. and Orben, A. (2022). What is digital parenting? A systematic review of past measurement and blueprint for the future. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(6), 1673-1691. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916211072458
• Moon, J. H., Cho, S. Y., Lim, S. M., Roh, J. H., Koh, M. S., Kim, Y. J. and Nam, E. (2019). Smart device usage in early childhood is differentially associated with fine motor and language development. Acta Paediatrica, 108(5), 903-910. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.14623
• Nikken, P. and Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423-3435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0144-4
• Nurjannah, N. (2020). Parental guidance and its implications on the attitudes of children aged 7-8 years of using gadgets (study in children in two large cities, East Jakarta and Makassar). The Southeast Asian Journal of Early Childhood Care Education and Parenting, 1(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.70896/seaceccep.v1i01.6
• Operto, F. F., Pastorino, G. M. G., Marciano, J., de Simone, V., Volini, A. P., Olivieri, M., ... and Coppola, G. (2020). Digital devices use and language skills in children between 8 and 36 month. Brain Sciences, 10(656), 1-14. http://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10090656
• Özyürek, A. (2017). Okul öncesi çocuğa sahip anne-babalara yönelik “Çocuk Yetiştirmeye İlişkin Anne-Baba Görüşleri Ölçeği” ve “Anne-Baba Tutum Ölçeği” geliştirme çalışması. Uluslararası Erken Çocukluk Eğitimi Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 26-38.
• Pan, Q. and Zhu, Q. (2018). Development of self-control in early childhood—A growth mixture modeling approach. Cogent Psychology, 5(1544537), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1544537
• Saber, S. and Al-Shafey, N. F. A. (2024). Digital parenting. Sohag University International Journal of Educational Research, 10(10), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.21608/suijer.2024.369230
• Santrock, J. W. (2011). Life span development. McGraw Hill.
• Tan, C. Y., Pan, Q., Tao, S., Liang, Q., Lan, M., Feng, S., ... and Liu, D. (2024). Conceptualization, measurement, predictors, outcomes, and interventions in digital parenting research: A comprehensive umbrella review. Educational Research Review, 45, 100647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100647
• Toran, M., Kulaksız, T. and Özden, B. (2024). The parent–child relationship in the digital era: The mediator role of digital parental awareness. Children and Youth Services Review, 161, 107617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107617
• Tsang, G. and Wong, W. K. (2025). The impact of digital parenting on the social behavior of children aged 7–12 years. Acta Psychologia, 4(2), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.35335/psychologia.v4i2.85
• Ursachi, G., Horodnic, I. A. and Zait, A. (2015). How reliable are measurement scales? External factors with indirect influence on reliability estimators. Procedia Economics and Finance, 20, 679-686. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00123-9
• Zhao, P., Bazarova, N. N. and Valle, N. (2023). Digital parenting divides: The role of parental capital and digital parenting readiness in parental digital mediation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 28(5), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad032