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The Rise of Populist Parties in Europe; The Case of PVV in The Netherlands

Yıl 2019, , 28 - 42, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.479219

Öz

The term “Populism”
has affected political order in Europe since 1990s and populist parties get
condereable number of votes in current period. Appearing as xenophobia, racism,
corruption, unemployment, and intolerance to other religions, populism has
gained base not only in far-right but also in far-left. Rise of populist
parties is also a threat to the European Union (EU) and bring into minds the
possibility of dissolution of the Union in the long-term. Thus, for example, the
role of populist parties had great impact on Brexit. Among all European
populist parties, the Netherlands based Partij
voor de Vrijheid (PVV) is the most different one.  PVV, whose president and the only member is
Geert Wilders, is mostly different as it is not anti-semitist and get financial
help from Jewish lobby and Israel. Though being a racist party, PVV is
selective in xenophobia. The party is particularly hostile to Islam and
organizes anti-Islamist campaigns. This study, besides providing special
information about European populist parties, aims to reveal PVV’s unique
characteristics and party leader Geert Wilders’ impact on politics and racism. 

Kaynakça

  • Archick, K. (2017). The Dutch Parliamentary Elections: Outcome and Implications. Washington: CRS Insight.
  • Bayraklı, E., ve Hafez, F. (2016). European Islamophobia Report. Istanbul: SETA.
  • Bot, M. (2017). Elements of Anti-Islam Populism: Critiquing Geert Wilders’ Politics of Offense with Marcuse and Adorno. Journal for Contemporary Philosophy, 2, 13-25.
  • Bryder, T. (2009). Populism – a threat or a challenge for the democratic system? . Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen.
  • Dittrich, P. J. (2017). Social Networks and Populism in the Eu: Four Things You Should Know. Berlin: Jacques Delors Institut.
  • Đukanović, D. (2014). Populist Parties in Selected European Countries. Turku; University of Turku.
  • Greven, T. (2016). The Rise of Right-wing Populism in Europe and the United States. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
  • Hazenberg, J. (2017). The Dutch Election: Populism Loses a Round, but Democracy Is Still in Trouble. Brussels: Heinrich Böll Stiftung European Union.
  • John, T. (2017, March 10). What to Know About Geert Wilders, the 'Dutch Trump'. 25.02.2018 tarihinde http://time.com/4696459/geert-wilders-the-dutch-trump/ adresinden alınmıştır
  • Kuipers, J. (2011, 07 19). The PVV, the Dutch populist party? Measuring populism in the Netherlands: a quantitative text analysis. 04.04.2018 tarihinde https://anzdoc.com/the-pvv-the-dutch-populist-party-measuring-populism-in-the-n.html adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Lewandowsky, M. (2014). Alternative für Deutschland (AfD); A New Actor in the German Party System. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
  • Lucardie, A., ve Voerman, G. (2013). Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom: A Political Entrepreneur in the Polder. In K. Grabouw, & F. Hartleb (Eds.), Exposing the Demogogues: Right-wing and National Populist Parties in Europe. Brussels: Centre for European Studies & Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung.
  • PVV. Party Program. 2018. 20.01.2018 tarihinde https://www.pvv.nl/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Ray, M. (2017). Geert Wilders. 03.05.2018 tarihinde https://www.britannica.com/biography/Geert-Wilders adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Spoerri, M. (2013). Netherlands: Geert Wilders, the Dutch “Cricket”. ISPI Commentary, 1-2.
  • Vossen, K. (2017). The Power of Populism: Geert Wilders and the Party for Freefom in the Netherlands. New York: Routledge.
  • Wikipedia. Party for Freedom. (2018). 26.02.2018 tarihinde https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_for_Freedom adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Wolf, M. v. (2017, 01 23). Dutch Elections Overtaken by Populist, Anti-Establishment Parties. 27.02.2018 tarihinde https://www.voanews.com/a/dutch-elections-overtaken-by-populist-and-anti-establishment-parties/3688098.html adresinden alınmıştır.

Avrupa’da Popülist Partilerin Yükselişi; Hollanda’da PVV Örneği

Yıl 2019, , 28 - 42, 30.06.2019
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.479219

Öz




















Popülizm kavramı 1990’lardan
beri Avrupa’da siyasal düzeni etkisi altına aldı ve günümüz itibariyle popülist
partiler hatırı sayılır oy oranlarına ulaşmış durumdalar. Yabancı düşmanlığı, ırkçılık,
yolsuzluk, işsizlik ve diğer dinlere olan müsamahasızlık olarak ortaya çıkan
popülizm sadece aşırı-sağda değil aşırı-solda da taban bulmaktadır. Popülist
partilerin yükselmesi Avrupa Birliği (AB) için de tehdit oluşturmaka ve uzun
vadede birliğin çözülme ihtimalini akıllara getirmektedir. Nitekim
İngiltere’nin AB’den ayrılmasında popülist partilerin rolü büyüktür. Avrupalı
popülist partiler içinde en farklı olanı Hollanda merkezli Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV)’dir.
Geert Wilders’in başkanı ve tek üyesi olduğu PVV’nin en önemli farkı Yahudi
karşıtlığı yapmaması ve Yahudi lobilerinden ve İsrail’den finansal destek
almasıdır. PVV ırkçı bir parti olmakla birlikte yabancı düşmanlığında seçici
davranmaktadır. Parti bilhassa İslam’a düşmanlık beslemekte ve aleyhte
kampanyalar düzenlemektedir. Bu çalışma Avrupa’daki popülist partiler hakkında
özel bilgiler vermesinin yanısıra PVV’nin kendine münhasır özelliklerini ve
parti başkanı Geert Wilders’in siyaset ve ırkçılık üzerindeki etkisini ortaya
çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır. 

Kaynakça

  • Archick, K. (2017). The Dutch Parliamentary Elections: Outcome and Implications. Washington: CRS Insight.
  • Bayraklı, E., ve Hafez, F. (2016). European Islamophobia Report. Istanbul: SETA.
  • Bot, M. (2017). Elements of Anti-Islam Populism: Critiquing Geert Wilders’ Politics of Offense with Marcuse and Adorno. Journal for Contemporary Philosophy, 2, 13-25.
  • Bryder, T. (2009). Populism – a threat or a challenge for the democratic system? . Copenhagen; University of Copenhagen.
  • Dittrich, P. J. (2017). Social Networks and Populism in the Eu: Four Things You Should Know. Berlin: Jacques Delors Institut.
  • Đukanović, D. (2014). Populist Parties in Selected European Countries. Turku; University of Turku.
  • Greven, T. (2016). The Rise of Right-wing Populism in Europe and the United States. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
  • Hazenberg, J. (2017). The Dutch Election: Populism Loses a Round, but Democracy Is Still in Trouble. Brussels: Heinrich Böll Stiftung European Union.
  • John, T. (2017, March 10). What to Know About Geert Wilders, the 'Dutch Trump'. 25.02.2018 tarihinde http://time.com/4696459/geert-wilders-the-dutch-trump/ adresinden alınmıştır
  • Kuipers, J. (2011, 07 19). The PVV, the Dutch populist party? Measuring populism in the Netherlands: a quantitative text analysis. 04.04.2018 tarihinde https://anzdoc.com/the-pvv-the-dutch-populist-party-measuring-populism-in-the-n.html adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Lewandowsky, M. (2014). Alternative für Deutschland (AfD); A New Actor in the German Party System. Berlin: Friedrich Ebert Stiftung.
  • Lucardie, A., ve Voerman, G. (2013). Geert Wilders and the Party for Freedom: A Political Entrepreneur in the Polder. In K. Grabouw, & F. Hartleb (Eds.), Exposing the Demogogues: Right-wing and National Populist Parties in Europe. Brussels: Centre for European Studies & Konrad-Adenauer Stiftung.
  • PVV. Party Program. 2018. 20.01.2018 tarihinde https://www.pvv.nl/ adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Ray, M. (2017). Geert Wilders. 03.05.2018 tarihinde https://www.britannica.com/biography/Geert-Wilders adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Spoerri, M. (2013). Netherlands: Geert Wilders, the Dutch “Cricket”. ISPI Commentary, 1-2.
  • Vossen, K. (2017). The Power of Populism: Geert Wilders and the Party for Freefom in the Netherlands. New York: Routledge.
  • Wikipedia. Party for Freedom. (2018). 26.02.2018 tarihinde https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_for_Freedom adresinden alınmıştır.
  • Wolf, M. v. (2017, 01 23). Dutch Elections Overtaken by Populist, Anti-Establishment Parties. 27.02.2018 tarihinde https://www.voanews.com/a/dutch-elections-overtaken-by-populist-and-anti-establishment-parties/3688098.html adresinden alınmıştır.
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İbrahim Karataş 0000-0002-2125-1840

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019

Kaynak Göster

APA Karataş, İ. (2019). Avrupa’da Popülist Partilerin Yükselişi; Hollanda’da PVV Örneği. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(1), 28-42. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.479219