Karadeniz'in Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi olarak İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 550 - 569, 21.07.2020

Pinar Akgül

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.607455

Cited By: 2

Öz

Literatürde
özellikle Soğuk Savaşın bitimiyle daha belirgin hale gelen Karadeniz bölgesi
yeni uluslararası ilişkiler kavramlarının geliştirilmesiyle klasik bir
güvenlik/politik değerlendirmeyle ele alınamayacağını farklı kavramların iç içe
olduğu eklektik bir yapıyla incelenebileceğini göstermiştir. Çünkü bu yeni
teorik kavramlarda hem güvenlik kavramı hem de analizi yapılan yapı/aktör
görüşü değişmiştir. Bu bağlamda hem bölgesellik hem de bölgesel güvenlik
kompleksi kavramlarından ilham alan bu çalışma Karadeniz’i incelemiştir. İki
kavramın seçilmesinin nedeni hem bölgeyi yeni bir aktör olarak uluslararası ilişkiler
literatürüne sokmayı sağlayan bir teorik çerçeve oluşturması hem de güvenliği
klasik askeri güvenlikten çıkarıp, politik, ekonomik, çevre ve toplumsal güvenliği
de göz önüne almalarıdır. Bu durum bölge çalışmalarının içeriğini ve kapsamını
zenginleştirmiştir. İlk olarak, bölge ülkelerinin ulusal güvenlik
hassasiyetlerinin irdelendiği çalışmada devamında örgütsel yapılanmalar ortaya
konarak bölgesel güvenlik kompleksi oluşturabilecek tehditler incelenmiştir. Bu
bağlamda Karadeniz’in, bazı istisnaları göz önünde bulundurarak, hem bölge
olarak kabul edilebileceği hem de bölgesel güvenlik kompleksi oluşturabilecek
potansiyele sahip olduğu savunulmuştur. Bu durum Karadeniz’i sui generis bir bölge ve bölgesel
güvenlik kompleksi olarak ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Karadeniz, bölgeselleşme, bölgesel güvenlik kompleksi teorisi

Kaynakça

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