Navigating Inflation Dynamics: The Interplay Of Corporate Profits, Supply-Side Factors, And Policy Interventions

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 132 - 151, 31.03.2024

Kaan Yiğenoğlu , Nida Günsan , Haluk Yergin

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1354884

Öz

Employees with high innovation capacity in organizations develop new ideas by taking more responsibility and risk. Innovations that emerge thanks to these employees increase growth and efficiency. The presence of employees with high individual innovation is important in universities where scientific knowledge is produced intensively. The personal innovativeness of the employees is directly related to the management styles of the managers. In today's information and technology age, realizing this relationship with sound communication and information sharing may be possible. Because a human is a social being who speaks, establishes relationships, and manages communication. It can be said that mushroom management in educational institutions such as universities, where educating people is the basis, weakens this communication due to asymmetric information and reduces the tendency for innovation. This study aims to reveal the effect of the mushroom management approach on academicians' perceptions of individual innovativeness. The study population consists of academic staff working in state universities operating in Turkey. The data was obtained through questionnaires. The data were analyzed by structural equation model. According to the analysis results, the mushroom management approach increases the employees' resistance to innovation and decreases their openness to innovation.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mushroom management, individual innovation, higher education institution

Enflasyon Dinamiklerinin Yönlendirilmesi: Şirket Karları, Arz Yönlü Faktörler ve Politika Müdahalelerinin Karşılıklı Etkileşimi

Öz

Bu çalışma, enflasyon ile arz yönlü faktörler, özellikle de firma kârları ve piyasa gücü arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektedir. Enflasyonun yayılmasını önlemek için stratejik fiyat kontrollerinin kullanılmasını önermekte ve vergilerin aşırı piyasa gücü sorununu ele alabileceğini ve enflasyonist baskıları azaltabileceğini öne sürmektedir. Ayrıca, çalışmada merkez bankalarının enflasyonla mücadeledeki rolü tartışılmakta ve aşırı piyasa gücü sorununu ele almak ve enflasyonist baskıları azaltmak için vergi gibi politika önlemlerinin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Çalışma, aşırı kârların vergilendirilmesinin faiz oranlarını artırmaktan daha etkili olabileceği, ancak başarısının tasarım ve uygulamaya bağlı olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır. Piyasa gücü nedeniyle aşırı fiyatlandırma politikaları uygulayan firmalara vergi uygulanması, enflasyonu ele almak için önerilen bir başka önlemdir. Vergiler, transferler ve kamu harcamalarındaki değişiklikler gibi maliye politikası önlemleri, enflasyonla mücadele için faiz oranlarının artırılmasından daha uygun görülmektedir. Firma kârları ve firmaların piyasadaki hakimiyetleri enflasyonun arkasındaki birincil faktör olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Politika yapıcılar enflasyonla mücadele etmek ve istihdamı korumak için etkili politikalar geliştirirken bu faktörleri göz önünde bulundurmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Arz yönlü faktörler, firma karları, piyasa gücü.

Kaynakça

• Alloway, T., and Weisenthal, J. (2023). How ‘Excuseflation’ Is Keeping Prices and Corporate Profits High. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-03-09/how-excuseflation-is-keeping-prices-and-corporate-profits-high#xj4y7vzkg?leadSource=uverify%20wall in 12.03.2023.
• Armantier, O., Koşar, G., Pomerantz, R., Skandalis, D., Smith, K., Topa, G., and Van der Klaauw, W. (2021). How economic crises affect inflation beliefs: Evidence from the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 189, 443-469.
• Barkai, S. (2020). Declining labor and capital shares. The Journal of Finance, 75(5), 2421-2463.
• Bennett, J. N. (2022). Beyond Inflation Numbers: Shrinkflation and Skimpflation. Page One Economics®. Retrieved from https://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/page1-econ/2022/12/01/beyond-inflation-numbers-shrinkflation-and-skimpflation in 12.12.2022.
• Bivens, J. (2022). Corporate profits have contributed disproportionately to inflation. How should policymakers respond?. Retrieved from https://www.epi.org/blog/corporate-profits-have-contributed-disproportionately-to-inflation-how-should-policymakers-respond/ in 26.12.2022.
• Bobrov, A., & Traina, J. (2023). The Begining of the Trend: Interest Rates, Markups, and Inflation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2307.08968.
• Bryant, C., and Felsted, A. (2023). We’ve All Been Way Too Accepting of Inflation. Retrieved from https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-04-11/inflation-consumers-are-too-passive-about-high-prices-for-cars-flights-hotels?leadSource=uverify%20wall in 24.08.2023.
• Corbetta, P. (2003). Social research: Theory, methods and techniques. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
• Corbin, J., and Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for devel- oping grounded theory (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
• De Loecker, J., Eeckhout, J., and Unger, G. (2020). The rise of market power and the macroeconomic implications. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(2), 561-644.
• Donovan, P. (2023). What is profit-led inflation?. Retrieved from https://www.ubs.com/global/en/wealth-management/insights/chief-investment-office/market-insights/paul-donovan/_jcr_content/mainpar/toplevelgrid_1847870123/col1/teaser_826301810_cop/linklist/link.0905296706.file/PS9jb250ZW50L2RhbS9hc3NldHMvd20vZ2xvYmFsL2Npby9tYXJrZXQtaW5zaWdodHMvZG9jL3doYXQtaXMtcHJvZml0LWxlZC1pbmZsYXRpb24tbWFyY2gtMjAyMy5wZGY=/what-is-profit-led-inflation-march-2023.pdf in 25.08.2023.
• Elder, B. (2023). The Wealth of Greedflations. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/e1c6b39d-00ca-4976-bf10-0034727f9272 in 26.08.2023.
• Fix, B. (2023). How Interest Rates Redistribute Income. Retrieved from https://economicsfromthetopdown.com/2023/04/16/how-interest-rates-redistribute-income/ in 24.08.2023.
• Glover, A., Mustre-del-Río, J., and von Ende-Becker, A. (2023). How much have record corporate profits contributed to recent inflation?. The Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review. 108(1). https://www.kansascityfed.org/research/economic-review/how-much-have-record-corporate-profits-contributed-to-recent-inflation/ Honoré, B. E., Kaufmann, D., and Lein, S. (2012). Asymmetries in Price‐Setting Behavior: New Microeconometric Evidence from Switzerland. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 44, 211-236.
• International Monetary Fund (2022). World Economic Outlook: Countering the Cost-of- Living Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/-/media/Files/Publications/WEO/2022/October/English/ch2.ashx in 25.12.2022.
• Inman, P. (2023a). Bank of England boss urges firms to hold back price rises or risk higher rates. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/24/bank-of-england-boss-urges-firms-to-hold-back-price-rises-or-risk-higher-interest-rates in 12.08.2023.
• Inman, P. (2023b). ‘Global greedflation’: big firms ‘driving shopping bills to record highs’. Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/mar/12/global-greedflation-big-firms-drive-shopping-bills-to-record-highs in 10.08.2023.
• Kim, H. (2020). A missing element in the empirical post Keynesian theory of inflation—total credits to households: A first-differenced VAR approach to US inflation. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 43(4), 640-656.
• King, M. (1996). How should central banks reduce inflation? Conceptual issues. Economic Review-Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, 81, 25-52.
• Klenow, P. J., and Kryvtsov, O. (2008). State-dependent or time-dependent pricing: Does it matter for recent US inflation?. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(3), 863-904.
• Klenow, P. J., and Malin, B. A. (2010). Microeconomic evidence on price-setting. In Handbook of monetary economics (Vol. 3, pp. 231-284). Elsevier.
• Knodell, J. (2022). The limits of monetary tightening to address current inflation. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@monetarypolicyinstitute/the-limits-of-monetary-tightening-to-address-current-inflation-2f464246f030 in 25.12.2022.
• Konczal, M., and Lusiani, N. (2022). Prices, Profits, and Power: An Analysis of 2021 Firm-Level Markups. Roosevelt Institute. Retrieved from https://rooseveltinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/RI_PricesProfitsPower_202206.pdf in 23.12.2022.
• Labuschagne, A. (2003). Qualitative research: Airy fairy or fundamental? The Qualitative Report, 8(1).
• Lima, K.P.F., and Morris, J.H. (2022). Monetary Power And The Core-Periphery Dynamics Of Inflation. Retrieved from https://lpeproject.org/blog/monetary-power-and-the-core-periphery-dynamics-of-inflation/ in 27.12.2022.
• Liu, J. (2023). What 'Excuseflation' Is Doing to Prices and Corporate Profits. Retrieved from https://www.tradealgo.com/news/what-excuseflation-is-doing-to-prices-and-corporate-profits in 23.12.2022.
• Long, H., Chang, C. P., Jegajeevan, S., and Tang, K. (2022). Can Central Bank mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the macroeconomy?. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 58(9), 2652-2669.
• Nakamura, E., and Steinsson, J. (2008). Five facts about prices: A reevaluation of menu cost models. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(4), 1415-1464.
• Nersisyan, Y., and Wray, L. R. (2022a). Is It Time for Rate Hikes? The Fed Cannot Engineer a Soft Landing but Risks Stagflation by Trying (No. ppb_157). Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/lev/levppb/ppb_157.html in 28.12.2022.
• Nersisyan, Y., and Wray, L. R. (2022b). What’s Causing Accelerating Inflation: Pandemic or Policy Response?. Levy Economics Institute, Working Papers Series, 1003. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4049894 in 28.12.2022.
• Panetta, F. (2023). Interview with The New York Times. Retrieved from https://www.ecb.europa.eu/press/inter/date/2023/html/ecb.in230401~ec65174af7.en.html in 13.08.2023.
• Porter, R. L. (1959). The “New Inflation”—The Theory and Problems of Cost-Push Price Rises. Review of Social Economy, 17(1), 51-60.
• Ragnitz, J. (2022). Gewinninflation und Inflationsgewinner. Ifo Institut. Retrieved from: https://www.ifo.de/en/publications/2022/article-journal/gewinninflation-undinflationsgewinner
• Regan, A. (2023). Corporate profiteering is a clear case of greedflation. Retrieved from https://www.businesspost.ie/analysis-opinion/aidan-regan-corporate-profiteering-is-a-clear-case-of-greedflation/ in 01.08.2023.
• Seccareccia, M. (2022). MPI REPLY TO BANK OF CANADA’S 100bps RATE HIKE: Is the Remedy against Inflation a Monetary Policy of Real Wage Deflation and Has the Bank of Canada Already Abandoned its New Mandate a Mere Six Months after its Adoption?. Retrieved from https://medium.com/@monetarypolicyinstitute/mpi-reply-to-bank-of-canadas-100bps-rate-hike-is-the-remedy-against-inflation-a-monetary-policy-8c7ea9e1c0a6 in 01.12.2022.
• Seccareccia, M., and Romero, G.M., (2022). The Fed Tackles Kalecki. Retrieved from https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/the-fed-tackles-kalecki in 05.12.2022.
• Seers, D. (1962). A theory of inflation and growth in under-developed economies based on the experience of Latin America. Oxford Economic Papers, 14(2), 173-195.
• Shaikh, A. M., Maniatis, T., and Petralias, N. (1999). Explaining inflation and unemployment: An alternative to neoliberal economic theory. Contemporary economic theory: radical critiques of neoliberalism, 89-112.
• Shapiro, A. H. (2022). How Much do Supply and Demand Drive Inflation?. FRBSF Economic Letter, 15. Retrieved from https://www.frbsf.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/el2022-15.pdf in 08.12.2022.
• Sheets, N., and Jiranek, G. (2021). The Evolution of U.S. Corporate Profits: Dissecting 70 Years’ of Performance. PGIM Fixed Income. Retrieved from https://cdn.pficdn.com/cms/pgim-fixed-income/sites/default/files/2021-04/The%20Evolution%20of%20U.S.%20Corporate%20Profits_2.pdf in 28.12.2021.
• Singhal, R., and Gupta, A. (2023). Analysis of Shrinkflation Strategy as a New Industrial Marketing Technique. International Journal of Novel Research and Development (IJNRD), 8(2). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4391399 in 23.08.2023.
• Stiglitz, J. E., and Regmi, I. (2022). The Causes of and Responses to Today’s Inflation. Retrieved from https://rooseveltinstitute.org/publications/the-causes-of-and-responses-to-todaysinflation/
• Storm, S. (2022). Inflation in the Time of Corona and War. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, (185). Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4138714 in 29.12.2022.
• Watson, G. (2023). European Central Bank investigates "greedflation". Retrieved from https://www.tutor2u.net/economics/blog/european-central-bank-investigates-greedflation in 15.08.2023.
• Weber, I. M., and Wasner, E. (2023). Sellers’ inflation, profits and conflict: why can large firms hike prices in an emergency?. Review of Keynesian Economics, 11(2), 183-213.
• Wiles, P. (1973). Cost inflation and the state of economic theory. The Economic Journal, 83(330), 377-398.
• Yao, J., Wang, D., and Mortimer, G. (2022). All new smaller size! Why getting less with shrinkflation is preferable to paying more. The Conversation. Retrieved from https://research-management.mq.edu.au/ws/portalfiles/portal/198145651/198144145.pdf in 22.12.2022.
• Yin, R. K. (1994). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks: Sage