Filistinli Çocukların Eğitim Haklarının Sistematik İhlali: Askerİ Müdahaleler, Yerleşim Politikaları ve Eğitim Altyapısının Tahribatı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Filistin Özel Sayısı, 87 - 105, 28.02.2025

Mehmet Kart

Öz

Bu çalışma, İsrail’in Askerî müdahaleleri, yerleşim politikaları ve eğitim altyapısının tahribatının Filistinli çocukların eğitim haklarına sistematik olarak verdiği zararı kapsamlı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Betimsel araştırma tasarımı benimsenerek ve nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen çalışma, uluslararası raporlar, literatür taramaları ve ikincil veri analizlerine dayanmaktadır. Araştırmanın bulguları, Gazze ve Batı Şeria’daki çocukların eğitime erişimlerinde hem fiziksel hem de psikososyal engellerle karşılaştığını göstermektedir. Filistin genelinde 782.000’den fazla öğrencinin eğitime erişimden mahrum kaldığı ve Gazze’de 45.000’den fazla birinci sınıf öğrencisinin eğitim yılına başlayamadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, 2023-2024 Askerî müdahaleleri sonucunda Gazze’de 180’den fazla okulun tamamen yıkıldığı, eğitim altyapısının %60’ının kullanılamaz hâle geldiği, bunun da öğrencilerin akademik başarılarını ve sosyo-ekonomik gelişimlerini olumsuz etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bir milyondan fazla çocuğun savaş travmaları, depresyon ve sosyal izolasyon gibi ciddi psikososyal sorunlar yaşadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu bulgular, çocukların eğitime tam katılım sağlayabilmeleri için yalnızca fiziksel altyapının onarımının yeterli olmadığını, ayrıca kapsamlı psikososyal destek programlarının da devreye alınması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Araştırma, uluslararası müdahalelerin çoğunlukla kısa vadeli çözümler sunduğunu ve kalıcı etki yaratmada yetersiz kaldığını ortaya koymaktadır. Eğitim altyapısının sürdürülebilir bir şekilde yeniden yapılandırılması ve psikososyal destek mekanizmalarının uzun vadeli olarak entegre edilmesi, Filistinli çocukların eğitim süreçlerine başarılı bir şekilde dâhil olmaları açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışma, eğitim hakkı ihlallerinin yalnızca fiziksel altyapıyla sınırlı olmadığını, aynı zamanda çocukların psikososyal iyilik hâlleri ve eğitim süreçlerine entegrasyonlarının önemli olduğunu göstermektedir. Gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalarda, eğitimin hem fiziksel hem de psikososyal boyutlarının bütüncül bir yaklaşımla ele alınması ve uzun vadeli çözüm stratejileri geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Askeri müdahaleler, eğitim altyapısı, eğitim hakkı, Filistin, psikososyal destek

Etik Beyan

Bu araştırmada birincil veri kullanılmadığı ve yalnızca kamuya açık kaynaklardan elde edilen veriler temel alındığı için etik kurul onayına gerek duyulmamaktadır.

Systematic Violation of Palestinian Children’s Right to Education: Military Interventions, Settlement Policies, and the Destruction of Educational Infrastructure

Öz

This study comprehensively examines the systematic impact of Israel’s military interventions, settlement policies, and destruction of educational infrastructure on the right to education of Palestinian children. Employing a descriptive research design and qualitative research methods, the study is based on international reports, literature reviews, and secondary data analyses. The findings reveal that children in Gaza and the West Bank face both physical and psychosocial barriers to accessing education. It was found that over 782,000 students across Palestine are deprived of educational access, while more than 45,000 first-grade students in Gaza were unable to start the school year. Additionally, during the 2023-2024 military interventions, over 180 schools in Gaza were completely destroyed, and 60% of the educational infrastructure became unusable, adversely affecting students’ academic performance and socio-economic development in the long term. More than one million children were found to be experiencing serious psychosocial issues such as war-related trauma, depression, and social isolation. These findings indicate that merely repairing physical infrastructure is insufficient to ensure full participation in education; comprehensive psychosocial support programs are also necessary. The study demonstrates that international interventions predominantly provide short-term solutions and fall short of achieving lasting impact. Sustainable reconstruction of educational infrastructure and the long-term integration of psychosocial support mechanisms are crucial for the successful inclusion of Palestinian children in the educational process. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting that violations of the right to education are not limited to physical infrastructure but also encompass children’s psychosocial well-being and integration into educational processes. Future research should consider both the physical and psychosocial dimensions of education and develop long-term solution strategies with a holistic approach.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Educational infrastructure, military interventions, Palestine, psychosocial support, right to education

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was not deemed necessary for this study, as it did not involve the use of primary data and relied exclusively on publicly available sources.

Kaynakça

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