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The Effects of Israel’s Assassination Policy on Palestinian Leaders on the Palestinian Resistance

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Filistin Özel Sayısı, 457 - 476, 28.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1601697

Öz

According to the statements of Israeli authorities, other countries in the Middle East region have aggressive intentions towards Israel. For this reason, Israel has been implementing an assassination policy as part of its security policy in order to create deterrence against its enemies and rivals since 1948, when it declared its establishment. The main target of Israel's assassination policy has been the leaders of Palestinian resistance groups. Senior leaders of groups such as Hamas, Qassam Brigades, Palestine Liberation Organization, Islamic Jihad and Fatah are subject to assassinations organized by Israel. In this article, it is aimed to analyze the effect of the assassinations carried out by Israel on weakening or strengthening the Palestinian resistance. Due to the ongoing nature of Israel's assassination policy from past to present and the limited scope of the article, the process until the assassination of Ismail Haniye is examined. Through the assassinations of the leaders of the resistance groups that oppose Israel's expansionism and occupation in the Palestinian territories, it is desired to destroy the influence of the leaders on the resistance and to weaken the motivations and beliefs of their supporters. However, according to experiences, experts' opinions and research conducted by official authorities; Although assassinations have negative effects on organization, recruitment of fighters, and the chain of command in the short term, it is seen that the leaders who replace the killed leader after each assassination can revive the resistance more strongly. Therefore, it is understood that the assassinations do not provide any strategic benefit on the Palestinian resistance and do not have a deterrent effect in the long term.

Kaynakça

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İsrail’in Filistinli Liderlere Yönelik Suikast Politikasının Filistin Direnişine Etkileri

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: Filistin Özel Sayısı, 457 - 476, 28.02.2025
https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1601697

Öz

İsrail makamlarının açıklamalarına göre, Ortadoğu bölgesindeki diğer ülkeler İsrail’e yönelik olarak saldırgan emeller içindedir. Bu nedenle İsrail, kuruluşunu ilan ettiği 1948 yılından bu yana, düşman ve rakiplerine karşı caydırıcılık oluşturmak amacıyla, güvenlik politikasının bir parçası olarak suikast politikası uygulamaktadır. İsrail’in suikast politikasının başlıca hedefi Filistinli direniş gruplarının liderleri olmuştur. Hamas, Kassam Tugayları, Filistin Kurtuluş Örgütü, İslami Cihad ve el-Fetih gibi yapıların üst düzey liderleri, İsrail’in suikastlerine maruz kalmışlardır. Bu makalede, İsrail tarafından Filistin direnişinin lider ve sembol isimlerine yönelik olarak düzenlenen suikastlerin, Filistin direnişini zayıflatan veya güçlendiren etkisinin analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. İsrail’in suikast politikasının geçmişten günümüze süregelen özelliği ve çalışmanın kapsamının sınırlı olması nedeniyle, İsmail Haniye suikastine kadar olan süreç incelenmiştir. Filistin topraklarında İsrail’in yayılmacılığına ve işgallerine karşı mücadele eden direniş yapılarının liderlerine düzenlenen suikastler aracılığıyla, bu isimlerin direniş üzerindeki etkilerinin ve nüfuzlarının yok edilmesi, destekçilerinin ise motivasyonlarının ve inançlarının zayıflaması arzulanmıştır. Ancak deneyimlere, uzmanların görüşlerine ve resmi makamlar tarafından yapılan araştırmalara göre; suikaslerin kısa vadede örgütlenme, savaşçı temini, emir-komuta zinciri üzerinde olumsuz etkileri bulunmakla birlikte, her suikastten sonra öldürülen liderin yerine gelen liderlerin direnişi yeniden daha güçlü şekilde canlandırabildikleri görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla, suikastlerin uzun vadede Filistin direnişi üzerinde stratejik bir fayda sağlamadığı ve caydırıcı bir etkisi olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Aslan, T. (2011). Yahudilerin Filistin’e göçü üzerine bazı düşünceler. Erdem, 59, ss. 37-83.
  • Atawna, A. (2024). İsrail ve liderlere suikast düzenleme politikası, Vision. https://vision-pd.org/tr/israil-ve-liderlere-suikast-duzenleme-politikasi/ adresinden 03.10.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Ayhan, V. (2009, Temmuz). Filistin direnişinde politik İslam. Orta Doğu Etütleri, 1(1), ss. 99-134.
  • Bachner, M. (2023, August 21). Far-right ministers blame Gallant for deadly terror wave; one MK urges ‘revenge’”, The Times of Israel. Retrieved from https://www.timesofisrael.com/far-right-ministers-blame-gallant-for-deadly-terror-wave-one-mk-urges-revenge/ in 09.02.2025.
  • Bartal, S. (2016). Jihad in Palestine: Political Islam and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict. Routledge.
  • BBC News. (2024a, Temmuz 31). 1987’den bu yana Hamas’ın öldürülen ve suikasta uğrayan liderleri. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/c725pw23gevo adresinden 04.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • BBC News. (2024b, Temmuz 31). Hamas, lideri İsmail Haniye’nin İsrail’in Tahran’da düzenlediği saldırıda öldüğünü açıkladı. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cv2gyg0kl47o adresinden 20.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • BBC News. (2016, December 17). Hamas accuses Israel of killing its Tunisian drone expert. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38354958 in 09.02.2025.
  • Benziman, U. (2001, October 21). Thinking again about assassination policy, Haaretz. Retrieved from https://www.haaretz.com/2001-10-21/ty-article/think-again-about-assassination-policy/0000017f-dbec-df62-a9ff-dffff7790000 in 11.02.2025.
  • Berda, A. (2023, December 2). İsrail uluslararası çapta Hamas liderlerine suikast düzenlemeye hazırlanıyor, Şarkul Avsat. https://turkish.aawsat.com/arap-d%C3%BCnyasi/4703721-i%CC%87srail-uluslararas%C4%B1-%C3%A7apta-hamas-liderlerine-suikast-d%C3%BCzenlemeye-haz%C4%B1rlan%C4%B1yor adresinden 04.10.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Canlı, E. (2024, Ocak 3). İsrail, uluslararası hukuka aykırı “sınır ötesi suikast” yöntemine on yıllardır başvuruyor, Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ayrimcilikhatti/ayrimcilik/israil-uluslararasi-hukuka-aykiri-sinir-otesi-suikast-yontemine-on-yillardir-basvuruyor/1818709 adresinden 04.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Cannistraro, V. (2001, August 30) Assassination is wrong – and dumb, Washington Post. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/2001/08/30/assassination-is-wrong-and-dumb/dfa32eee-f76a-4824-924e-a34c52eaafcf/ in 11.02.2025.
  • Counter Extremism Project. Ismail Haniyeh. Retrieved from https://www.counterextremism.com/extremists/ismail-haniyeh in 09.02.2025.
  • Cumhurbaşkanlığı İletişim Başkanlığı. (2024, Temmuz 31). İletişim Başkanı Altun: “Filistin er ya da geç özgür olacaktır”. https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/turkce/haberler/detay/iletisim-baskani-altun-filistin-er-ya-da-gec-ozgur-olacaktir adresinden 09.02.2025 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Çınkaya, G. (2024). Filistin’de İslami hareketin siyasallaşması: Hamas (1946-2024). Ombudsman Akademik, 2, ss. 163-194.
  • Dilek, M. S. (2018). Trump yönetiminin Kudüs kararına analitik bakış. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 11(1), ss. 97-137.
  • Dingil, H. (2024, Ağustos 20). Heniyye suikastı ve İsrail’in ahtapot doktrini’nin dönüşümü, İRAM. https://iramcenter.org/heniyye-suikasti-ve-israilin-ahtapot-doktrininin-donusumu-2534 adresinden 20.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Efegil, E. (2013, Ocak). İsrail’in dış politikasının belirleyicileri. Orta Doğu Analiz, 5(49), ss. 53-61.
  • European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR). Islamic Jihad (PIJ), https://ecfr.eu/special/mapping_palestinian_politics/palestinian_islamic_jihad/ adresinden 09.02.2025 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Fırat, E. (2016, Aralık 22). MOSSAD’ın Filistinli liderlere yönelik düzenlediği suikastlar zinciri, Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/mossadin-filistinli-liderlere-yonelik-duzenledigi-suikastlar-zinciri-/711879 adresinden 04.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Fletcher, H. (2005, November 1). Al-Aqsa martyrs brigades, Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/al-aqsa-martyrs-brigade in 01.12.2024.
  • Gross, M.L. (2003). Fighting by other means in the Mideast: A critical analysis of Israel's assassination policy, Political Studies, 51(2), ss. 350-368.
  • Hubar, G. (2022). Terörizmle mücadelede örtülü operasyonlar: MOSSAD’ın hedefli suikasti Mahmud El-Mabhuh vakası. Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), ss. 35-48.
  • Independent Türkçe. (2023, Ağustos 25). Hamas ve İslami Cihad liderlerine suikast ihtimaline karşı güvenlik sıkılaştırıldı. https://www.indyturk.com/node/656951/d%C3%BCnya/hamas-ve-i%CC%87slami-cihad-liderlerine-suikast-ihtimaline-kar%C5%9F%C4%B1-g%C3%BCvenlik adresinden 03.10.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • International Crisis Group Middle East Report. (2003, Nisan 2). Islamic social welfare activism in the occupied Palestinian territories: a legitimate target?, No. 13. Retrieved from https://www.crisisgroup.org/sites/default/files/13-islamic-social-welfare-activism-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territories-a-legitimate-target_0.pdf in 10.02.2025.
  • Jewish Virtual Library. Israel counter-terrorism: Targeted killings of terrorists (1956 – present). Retrieved from https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/israeli-targeted-killings-of-terrorists in 09.02.2025.
  • Karaköse, H. (2018). Filistin ve Kudüs meselesine genel bir bakış. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), ss. 150-165.
  • Kasher, A. ve Yadlin, A. (2005). Assassination and preventive killing. SAIS Review of International Affairs, 25(1), ss. 41-57.
  • Katz, Y. (2010). Security and defense: espionage, with a smile. The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved from https://www.jpost.com/Features/Front-Lines/Security-and-Defense-Espionage-with-a-smile-168063 in 03.10.2024.
  • Klein, M. A. (1996). Focus on Hamas: The PLO’s friend or foe?. Middle East Quarterly, 3(2). Retrieved from https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/focus-on-hamas-the-plos-friend-or-foe in 02.12.2024.
  • Lendman, S. (2008, October 21). Assassination as official Israeli policy. Palestine Chronicle. Retrieved from https://www.palestinechronicle.com/assassination-as-official-israeli-policy/ in 14.02.2025.
  • Levy, G. (2001, October 21). The price of Liquidation, Hareetz. Retrieved from https://www.haaretz.com/2001-10-21/ty-article/the-price-of-liquidation/0000017f-dbef-db22-a17f-ffff9e410000 in 10.02.2025.
  • Luft, G. (2003). The logic of Israel’s targeted killing, Middle East Quarterly, 10(1). Retrieved from https://www.meforum.org/middle-east-quarterly/the-logic-of-israels-targeted-killing in 13.02.2025.
  • Mengüç, D. (2023). Independent Türkçe. https://www.indyturk.com/node/683151/d%C3%BCnya/ortado%C4%9Fu-enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC-direkt%C3%B6r%C3%BC-zuhur-i%CC%87srail-katardaki-hamas-liderlerine-suikasta adresinden 24.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Mercan, M. H. (2024, Şubat). Gazze direnişinin mahiyeti üzerine. Kriter Dergi, 8(87). https://kriterdergi.com/filistin-direnisi/gazze-direnisinin-mahiyeti-uzerine adresinden 25.11.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Mousa, E. (2024). İsrail'in suikast siyaseti çatışmayı kazanıp savaşı kaybetmenin en büyük örneği, Mepa News. https://www.mepanews.com/analiz-israilin-suikast-siyaseti-catismayi-kazanip-savasi-kaybetmenin-en-buyuk-ornegi-67930h.htm adresinden 03.10.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Nabhan, A. (2018, Şubat 8). Israel’s longstanding policy of extrajudicial murder, Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israels-longstanding-policy-of-extrajudicial-murder/1058177 adresinden 03.12.2024 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Nakhoul, S. (2024, August 2). Haniyeh’s last words: “If a leader leaves, another will come”, Reuters. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/haniyehs-last-words-if-leader-leaves-another-will-come-2024-08-02/ in 14.02.2025.
  • Nissenbaum, D. (2023, December 1). Israel plans to kill Hamas leaders around the World after war. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-plans-to-kill-hamas-leaders-around-the-world-after-war-da88e6b9 in 09.02.2025.
  • Örücü, S. (2018). Yahudi Diasporası’nın Filistin’e göçü ve İsrail Devleti’nin kuruluşu. Vakanüvis - International Journal of Historical Researches, 3(2), ss. 202-233.
  • Palestinian Centre for Human Rights (PCHR). (2001). Assassination of Palestinians… an Israeli official policy. Retrieved from https://pchrgaza.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/killing-report1.pdf in 13.02.2025.
  • Parsons, D. (2024, October 3). One year after October 7: Israel rising from ashes to renewed hope. International Christian Embassy Jerusalem. Retrieved from https://www.icej.org/blog/one-year-after-october-7-israel-rising-from-ashes-to-renewed-hope/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAzba9BhBhEiwA7glbauZKuMc-cMcHjyhA6Z4w8Gi53CLJAZkCfBT2LXtxGV89U1IP__b26BoCl2sQAvD_BwE in 13.02.2025.
  • Pedahzur, A. (2009). The Israeli secret services and the struggle against terrorism. Columbia University Press.
  • Rabbani, M. (2008). Khalid Mishal: The making of a Palestinian Islamic leader. Journal of Palestine Studies, 37(3). Retrieved from https://www.palestine-studies.org/en/node/42013 in 14.02.2025.
  • Reuters. (2023, December 14). Poll shows Palestinians back October 7 attack on Israel, support for Hamas. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/poll-shows-palestinians-back-oct-7-attack-israel-support-hamas-rises-2023-12-14/ in 11.02.2025.
  • Roy, S. (2014). Hamas and civil society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist social sector. Princeton University Press.
  • The Times. (2012, December 8). Meshaal promises to “free land of Palestine”. Retrieved from https://www.thetimes.com/article/meshaal-promises-to-free-land-of-palestine-5zl53k82g6w in 13.02.2025.
  • The Times of Israel. (2023, November 22). Netanyahu: “I’ve told Mossad to act against the heads of Hamas wherever they are”. Retrieved from https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/netanyahu-ive-told-mossad-to-act-against-the-heads-of-hamas-wherever-they-are/ in 13.02.2025.
  • UNSC. (2004b, April 20). Assassination of Hamas leader – Security Council debate – press release. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-214082/ in 03.12.2024.
  • UNSC. (2004a, March 24). Assassination of Hamas leader – SecCo meeting – press release. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-212395/ in 14.02.2025.
  • U.S. Department of State. Country report on human rights practises. Retrieved from https://2001-2009.state.gov/p/nea/ci/israel/79002.htm in 12.02.2024.
  • U.S. Department of State. Terrorist designations and state sponsors of terrorism. Retrieved from https://www.state.gov/executive-order-13224/ in 09.02.2025.
  • Voa News. (2009, October 30). Sheik Yassin: Reviled as terrorists, admired as hero. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/a/a-13-a-2004-03-22-3-sheikh/292190.html in 13.02.2025.
  • Vohra, A. (2024, January 17). Israel’s international assassination campaign won’t be easy. Foreign Policy. Retrieved from https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/01/17/israel-gaza-hamas-assassination-qatar-turkey/ in 13.02.2025.
  • Williamson, L. (2023). Batı Şeria’da Hamas’a destek artıyor mu, sonuçları ne olabilir?. BBC News Türkçe. https://www.bbc.com/turkce/articles/cek5g2lykl8o adresinden 11.02.2025 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Zausman, A. and Zausman, N. (2005, January). Targeted killings: evaluating the effectiveness of a counterterrorism policy. Research Department-Bank of Israel, No. 2. Retrieved from https://boi.org.il/media/dtmpopvw/dp0502e.pdf https://palwatch.org/page/34702 in 13.02.2025.
  • Zilberdik, N. J. (2023, October 27). “We’re playing Martyr” says young girl, “the Martyr is the beloved of Allah”. PMW. Retrieved from https://palwatch.org/page/34702 in 12.02.2025.
  • Etimoloji-Türkçe. https://www.etimolojiturkce.com/kelime/suikast adresinden 14.02.2025 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Toplam 58 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Yeniçağ Ortadoğu Tarihi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Damla Taşdemir Kaderli 0000-0002-3551-8227

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Şubat 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Aralık 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Şubat 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 11 Sayı: Filistin Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Taşdemir Kaderli, D. (2025). İsrail’in Filistinli Liderlere Yönelik Suikast Politikasının Filistin Direnişine Etkileri. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(Filistin Özel Sayısı), 457-476. https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.1601697