A Case Study on Istanbul Electronic Waste Firms: ISO 14000 Environmental Management

Öz

Due to the limited natural resources and increasing needs, the activities carried out have negative effects on the environment. This situation has revealed the necessity for controlling environmental effects with legal practices. Consumers now expect businesses operating in the market to meet their increasing needs at the highest level and to respect the environment. The environmental management system has emerged in order to keep the environmental impacts of businesses under control in order to exist in the global market and to ensure the continuity of their existence. With the environmental management system, it aims to reduce the harmful effects of the enterprises to the environment by systematic stages and to eliminate these effects. In this study, a survey was conducted in order to reveal and evaluate the relationship between the factors affecting the transition to the ISO 14000 environmental management system and the improvements achieved. It has been determined that the companies are not obliged to obtain the documents because the audit is not sufficient in obtaining the ISO 14000 certificates, which are required by the laws of the electronic waste recycling companies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISO 14000 Environmental Management System Standards
• E-Waste
• Electronic Waste Firms
• Occupational Health and Safety
• Recycling

İstanbul Elektronik Atık Firmaları Üzerine Bir Örnek Olay İncelemesi: ISO 14000 Çevre Yönetimi

Öz

Doğal kaynaklarımızın sınırlı olması ve artan ihtiyaçlardan dolayı yapılan faaliyetler çevreye olumsuz etkiler bırakmaktadır. Bu durum yasal uygulamalar ile çevre etkilerinin kontrol edilmesi gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Artık tüketiciler piyasada faaliyet gösteren işletmelerden hem artan ihtiyaçlarını en üst düzeyde karşılanmasını hem de çevreye saygı gösterilmesini beklemektedir. Çevre yönetim sistemi, işletmelerin küresel piyasada var olmak ve varlıklarının devamlılığının sağlanmak için çevreye olan etkilerini kontrol altında tutabilmek için ortaya çıkmıştır. Çevre yönetim sistemiyle işletmelerin çevreye verecekleri veya verdikleri zararlı etkileri sistematik aşamalar ile azaltılmasını ve bu etkilerin ortadan kaldırılmasını hedeflemektedir. Bu çalışmada ISO 14000 çevre yönetim sistemine geçişte etken olan faktörlerin ve elde edilen iyileşmelerin ilişkisini ortaya çıkarmak ve değerlendirmek amacıyla anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Elektronik atık geri dönüşüm firmalarının kanunlarla zorunlu kıldığı ISO 14000 belgelerinin alınmasında denetimin yeterli olmamasından dolayı firmaların belgeleri alma zorunluluğunun olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• ISO 14000 Çevre Yönetim Sistemi Standartları
• E-Atık
• Elektronik Atık Firmaları
• İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği
• Geri Dönüşüm

Kaynakça

1. Ahirwar, R., Tripathi, A. K., (2021). E-waste management: A review of recycling process, environmental and occupational health hazards, and potential solutions. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 15, 100409. doi.org/10.1016/j.enmm.2020.100409.
2. Baxter, J., Lyng, K. A., Askham, C., & Hanssen, O. J. (2016). High-quality collection and disposal of WEEE: Environmental impacts and resultant issues. Waste Management, 57, 17-26. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.005.
3. Borthakur, A., (2015). Generation and management of electronic waste in India: an assessment from stakeholders’ perspective. Journal of Developing Societies. 31, 220–248. https://doi.org/10.1177/0169796X14545574.
4. Çelik C., (2007). Elektrik Elektronik Atıklardan Metal ve Plastik Geri Kazanımının Araştırılması, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
5. Forti, Vanessa, Bald´e, Cornelis Peter, Ruediger Kuehr, G.B., (2020). The Global E-waste Monitor 2020 Quantities, flows, and the circular economy potential. ISWA.
6. Grant, K., Goldizen, F.C., Sly, P.D., Brune, M.-N., Neira, M., Van Den Berg, M., Norman, R. E., (2013). Health consequences of exposure to e-waste: a systematic review. The Lancet Global Health. 1, 350–361. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(13)70101-3.
7. Hsu, E., Durning, C.J., West, A.C., Park, A.H.A., (2021). Enhanced extraction of copper from electronic waste via induced morphological changes using supercritical CO2. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 168, 105296. doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.105296.
8. Kaifie, A., Schettgen, T., Bertram, J., Lohndorf, K., Waldschmidt, S., Felten, M.K., Kraus, T., Fobil, J.N., Kupper, T., (2020). Informal e-waste recycling and plasma levels of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs) - a cross-sectional study at Agbogbloshie, Ghana. Science of the Total Environment, 723, 138073–138080. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138073.

9. Kaya, M. (2018), Current WEEE Recycling Solutions, In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling (pp. 33-93), Woodhead Publishing.
10. Kemp, S., 2020. Digital use Around the World in July 2020. We Are Soc. Inc, pp. 1–26. Li, X., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Yao, Y., Zhang, P., Zhao, H., Sun, H., (2022). Occupational exposure to organophosphate esters in e-waste dismantling workers: Risk assessment and influencing factors screening. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 240, 113707. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113707.
11. Liu, R., Ma, S., Yu, Y., Li, G., Yu, Y., An, T., (2020). Field study of PAHs with their derivatives emitted from e-waste dismantling processes and their comprehensive human exposure implications. Environment International, 144, 106059–106069. doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106059. Montalvo, C., Peck, D., Rietveld, E., (2016). A longer lifetime for products: benefits for consumers and companies. In: POLICY, P.D.A.E.A.S (Ed.), European Parliament’s Committee.
12. Rajesh, R., Kanakadhurga, D., Prabaharan, N., (2022). Electronic waste: A critical assessment on the unimaginable growing pollutant, legislations and environmental impacts. Environmental Challenges, 7, 100507. doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2022.100507.
13. Ravindra, P. (2016), Recycling e-waste, International Journal of Innovative Research in Information Security (IJIRIS) Issue 09, Volume 3 (pp.67-71).
14. Risco, A., Sucunza, D., Gonzalez-Egido, S., (2021). Chemical recovery of waste electrical and electronic equipment by microwave-assisted pyrolysis: A review. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 159,105353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2021.105323.
15. Yılmaz, E., (2006). Elektrikli ve Elektronik Atıkların Geri Kazanımı ve Muğla İli Pilot Proje Uygulaması, Sakarya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
16. Ylä-Mella, J., & Román, E. (2019). Waste electrical and electronic equipment management in Europe: learning from best practices in Switzerland, Norway, Sweden and Denmark, In Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) (pp. 483-519), Woodhead Publishing.
17. URL1 V. Forti, C.P. Bald´e, R. Kuehr, G. Bel, The Global E-Waste Monitor 2020, Bonn/ Geneva/Rotterdam, 2020. http://ewastemonitor.info (Last Acceded: 10.01.2018).
18. URL2 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index, Consum. Price Index Databases, 2020 https://www.bls.gov/cpi/data.htm (Last Acceded: 18.12.2017).
19. URL3 European Parliament, Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), J. Eur. Union (2012). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/LSU/?uri=celex:32012L0019 (Last Acceded: 22.02.2018).