Use of Navy Units in Response to Disasters

Abstract

Because of their historical mission, navies are units that are kept to ensure the security of a country, to protect its interests and to help implement its policies. In addition to the defense mission, the navies have undertaken an increasing number of humanitarian aid missions in critical period of disasters for the last 50 years. The aim of this study is to assess the role of the navies in any event of a disaster. In this context navies of selected countries and Turkish Navy, in particular, have been scrutinized. Then, examples of the use of the navies at the period of disasters have been investigated by means of warship characteristics and preferred navy vessels in disaster response and humanitarian aid operations. The contributions of the flying units to the navy in humanitarian aid have also been scrutinized, as well. It is realised that post-disaster navy activities were mainly related to the relief/rescue-search period. Finally, it has been questioned at which level the Turkish Navy adapted itself to this mission change in the world.

Keywords

• Disaster
• Navy
• Humanitarian Aid
• Crisis Management

Donanma Unsurlarının Afetlere Müdahalede Kullanımı

Öz

Donanmalar tarihi misyonları gereği bir ülkenin güvenliğini sağlamak, çıkarlarını korumak ve oluşturdukları politikalarının uygulanmasına yardımcı olmak için hazır tutulan birliklerdir. Ülkeler milyonlarca dolar harcayarak, çeşitli özellikte ve büyüklükteki gemiler yapmış, yaptığı bu gemileri yüzdürmek ve gerekirse savaşmak için bulundurmak zorunda olduğu personel ile oluşturdukları bu güç unsurunu stratejik bir şekilde ve insancıl bir çerçevede kullanmaya başlamıştır. Savunma misyonuna ek olarak, donanmalar son 50 yıldır kritik afet dönemlerinde artan sayıda insani yardım misyonu üstlenmişlerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, herhangi bir felaket durumunda müdahalede bulunabilecek donanmaların rolünü değerlendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, seçilmiş ülkelerin donanmaları ve özellikle Türk Donanması irdelenmiştir. Daha sonra, afet dönemlerinde donanmaların kullanımına ilişkin örnekler, savaş gemilerinin genel özellikleri ve afete müdahale ve insani yardım operasyonlarında tercih edilen donanma gemileri incelenmiştir. İnsani yardımda uçan unsurların donanmaya yaptığı katkılar da incelenmiştir. Donanmaların afetler sonrası faaliyetlerinin özellikle müdahale/arama-kurtarma dönemi ile ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. Son olarak, Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri'nin dünyadaki bu misyon değişikliğine hangi düzeyde adapte olduğu sorgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet
• Donanma
• İnsani Yardım
• Kriz Yönetimi

Kaynakça

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