Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Koronovirüs Pandemisinin Aile Merkezli Bakım Üzerine Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Öz

Covid 19 pandemisi süresince virüsün yayılmasını önlemek için diğer sağlık alanlarında olduğu gibi yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde de sağlık hizmetinin sunumunda değişiklikler olmuştur. Bunlardan birisi de aile merkezli bakım uygulamalarıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Covid 19’un yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde aile merkezli bakım uygulanmaları üzerindeki etkileri incelenmektir. Araştırmada “Aile merkezli bakım”, “Covid 19”, “Yenidoğan yoğun bakım üniteleri”, “ebeveyn”, “kısıtlama” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak EBSCO, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct ve Web of Science veri tabanları taranmıştır. 2020-2022 yılları arasındaki Covid 19 pandemisinde uygulanan kısıtlamaların yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde aile merkezli bakım uygulamalarındaki etkisini inceleyen 20 çalışma araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Yapılan sistematik incelemede Covid 19 pandemisi ile mücadelede salgının yayılmasına yönelik alınan önlemlerin yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitelerinde aile merkezli bakımın uygulanması için engel oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Covid 19’un yayılmasını önlemek amacıyla yoğun bakımda alınan önlemler nedeniyle zaten yoğun stres yaşayan ailelerin stres düzeyi daha da arttığı, ebeveynlerin sosyal desteği azaldığı, ebeveynlik becerilerinin gelişmesi olumsuz etkilendiği, bakıma katılım ve emzirmede sorunlar yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Covid 19 süresince aile merkezli bakım verilmesinde sıkıntılar nedeniyle yoğun bakımda yatan bebeklerde de bazı sorunlar (beslenme, uzamış stres vb.) gelişebileceği tahmin edilmektedir. Bu nedenle pandemi gibi olağanüstü durumlarda aile merkezli bakımın sunumuna engel olmayacak uygulamaların geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aile Merkezli Bakım
• Covid 19
• Ebeveyn
• Kısıtlama
• Yenidoğan Yoğun Bakım

Investigation of the Effects of the Corona Virus Pandemic on Family Centered Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units

Öz

During Covid-19 pandemic, as in other health areas, there have been changes in the delivery of health services in neonatal intensive care units to prevent the spread of the virus. One of them is family-centered care practices. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Covid-19 on family-centered care practices in neonatal intensive care units. In the study, EBSCO, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords "Family-centered care", "Covid-19", "neonatal intensive care units", "parent", "restriction". Twenty studies examining the effects of the restrictions applied in the Covid-19 pandemic between 2020-2022 on family-centered care practices in neonatal intensive care unit were included. The systematic review determined that measures taken to spread epidemic in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic constitute an obstacle to implementation of family-centered care in neonatal intensive care units. It has been determined that stress level of families who are already experiencing intense stress due to measures taken in intensive care unit to prevent spread of Covid-19, the social support of the parents decreases, the development of parenting skills are adversely affected, and there are problems in participation in care and breastfeeding. It is estimated that some problems (nutrition, prolonged stress, etc.) may develop infants hospitalized in intensive care due to difficulties in providing family-centered care during Covid-19. For this reason, it is recommended to develop practices that will not prevent delivery of family-centered care in extraordinary situations such as pandemics.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Family-Centered Care
• Covid 19
• Parent
• Restriction
• Neonatal İntensive Care

Kaynakça

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