Afet Yönetimi ve Kitlesel Ölüm Olaylarında Adli Antropolojinin Rolü

Öz

Afetler, bireyleri, toplulukları ve kurumları fiziksel, sosyal, psikolojik ve kültürel açıdan çok boyutlu biçimde etkileyen; doğa kaynaklı, teknolojik ya da insan kaynaklı yıkıcı olaylardır. Bu tür felaketlerin ardından yürütülen müdahale ve iyileştirme süreçlerinin başarısı, yalnızca hayatta kalanlara yönelik hizmetlerle sınırlı kalmayıp; yaşamını yitiren bireylerin etik, bilimsel ve kültürel değerlere uygun biçimde ele alınmasını da zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda adli antropoloji, özellikle kitlesel ölüm olaylarında insan kalıntılarının belgelenmesi, kimliklendirilmesi ve adli süreçlere delil sağlanması gibi işlevleriyle afet yönetiminde merkezi bir rol üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, adli antropolojinin afet yönetimi süreçlerine katkısı; hazırlık, müdahale ve iyileştirme aşamaları ekseninde çok boyutlu biçimde ele alınmakta; Felaket Kurbanlarını Kimliklendirme sürecindeki uygulamalar, Interpol felaket kurbanlarını kimliklenirme (DVI) protokolü ve Felaket Morg Operasyonları Müdahale Ekibi (DMORT) gibi uluslararası modeller çerçevesinde değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca, yalnızca doğal değil; toplumsal, yönetsel ve yapısal ihmallerle şekillenen afet dinamiklerini analiz eden Afet Adli Araştırmaları (FORIN) yaklaşımı doğrultusunda, adli antropolojinin afetlerin neden-sonuç ilişkilerinin anlaşılmasındaki rolüne dikkat çekilmektedir. Çalışma, adli antropolojinin afet sonrası kolektif yas süreçlerinden toplumsal hafızanın inşasına, kültürel ritüellerin gözetilmesinden insan haklarına saygılı müdahale pratiklerine kadar uzanan çok katmanlı katkılarını tartışmakta; bu katkıların disiplinlerarası iş birlikleri, ulusal müdahale planlarına entegrasyon ve toplum temelli bilgiyle desteklenmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, insan onurunu merkeze alan, kültürel duyarlılığa sahip ve etik ilkelere dayalı bütüncül bir müdahale anlayışının geliştirilmesinde adli antropolojinin kurumsal ve stratejik bir bileşen olarak değerlendirilmesinin önemi vurgulanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adli Antropoloji
• Afet Yönetimi
• Felaket Kurbanlarını Kimliklendirme
• Kitlesel Ölüm Olayları Yönetimi

The Role of Forensic Anthropology in Disaster Management and Mass Fatality Incidents

Abstract

Disasters are complex events with multifaceted impacts on individuals, communities, and institutions, affecting them physically, socially, psychologically, and culturally. The effectiveness of post-disaster response and recovery efforts relies not only on services provided to survivors but also on the dignified, scientific, and culturally appropriate handling of deceased individuals. In this context, forensic anthropology plays a central role in disaster management, particularly in mass fatality incidents, through the documentation, identification, and forensic analysis of human remains. This study explores the contributions of forensic anthropology to various stages of disaster management, including preparedness, response, and recovery. It examines Disaster Victim Identification practices within the framework of international protocols such as the Interpol DVI standards and models like DMORT. Furthermore, drawing on the FORIN approach—which emphasizes analyzing the social, institutional, and structural dimensions of disasters—the study highlights the role of forensic anthropology in understanding the complex cause-effect relationships of disasters beyond their natural triggers. The article discusses how forensic anthropology contributes not only to individual identification but also to broader societal processes such as the construction of collective memory, the facilitation of communal mourning, and the pursuit of post-disaster justice. It argues that these contributions should be grounded in interdisciplinary collaboration, integrated into national response plans, and informed by community-based knowledge. Ultimately, the study underscores the importance of adopting a comprehensive disaster response framework that places human dignity, cultural sensitivity, and ethical principles at its core, with forensic anthropology as a vital institutional and strategic component.

Keywords

• Disaster Management
• Disaster Victim Identification
• Forensic Anthropology
• Mass Fatality Incident Management

Kaynakça

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