Afet Lojistiği Depolarında Stok Önceliklendirmesinde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Yaklaşımı

Öz

Afet lojistiği, afet sonrası dönemde insani yardım malzemelerinin doğru türde, doğru miktarda ve doğru zamanda ulaştırılmasını hedefleyen stratejik bir süreçtir. Ancak afet koşullarında kısıtlı kaynak, zaman baskısı ve talep belirsizliği nedeniyle tüm malzemelerin aynı anda temini ve dağıtımı mümkün olmamaktadır. Bu durum, yardım malzemelerinin hangi türlerinin öncelikli olarak stoklanması gerektiği sorusunu kritik bir karar problemine dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, afet lojistiğinde sınırlı kaynak koşullarında yardım malzemelerinin stok önceliklendirmesini sistematik biçimde belirlemektir. Bu amaçla, Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve TOPSIS yöntemleri bütünleşik biçimde kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada belirlenen kriterler (kritiklik, talep sıklığı, bozulabilirlik, maliyet, hacim/taşınabilirlik ve yeniden temin süresi) afet lojistiği literatüründe öne çıkan karar boyutlarına dayanmaktadır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre içme suyu ve kuru gıda en yüksek öncelikli malzemeler olurken, hijyen kiti ve battaniye orta düzeyde önem taşımaktadır. Bulgular, afet sonrası ilk 72 saatte temel yaşam ihtiyaçlarının önceliklendirilmesinin hayati olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca çalışma, çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin afet lojistiği planlamasında etkin biçimde kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Önerilen bütünleşik model, afet yönetiminde kaynak tahsisini optimize eden ve karar vericilere sayısal temelli bir destek mekanizması sunan uygulanabilir bir yaklaşım geliştirmektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışma hem akademik literatüre hem de afet yönetimi uygulamalarına önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet Lojistiği
• AHP
• Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
• İnsani Yardım Lojistiği
• Stok Önceliklendirme
• TOPSIS

A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach to Stock Prioritization in Disaster Logistics Warehouses

Öz

Disaster logistics is a strategic process that aims to ensure the timely and efficient delivery of humanitarian relief items after disasters. However, limited resources, time pressure, infrastructure disruptions, and demand uncertainty make it impossible to procure and distribute all relief materials simultaneously. Therefore, determining which items should be prioritized for stockpiling becomes a critical decision problem in disaster management. The main objective of this study is to systematically prioritize humanitarian relief items in disaster logistics warehouses under resource-constrained conditions. For this purpose, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) were integrated within a multi-criteria decision-making framework. The evaluation criteria, including criticality, demand frequency, perishability, cost, volume/transportability, and replenishment lead time, were derived from the disaster logistics literature. The analysis results indicate that drinking water and dry food are the highest-priority items, while hygiene kits and blankets have moderate priority levels. The findings emphasize the importance of prioritizing essential survival needs during the first 72 hours after a disaster. The proposed integrated model provides a practical and data-driven decision support framework for optimizing resource allocation in disaster logistics and contributes to both academic literature and disaster management practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• AHP
• Disaster Logistics
• Humanitarian Logistics
• Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
• Stock Prioritization
• TOPSIS

Kaynakça

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