Sınır Bölgelerinde Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri Personelinin KBRN Hazırlık Düzeyi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin sınır illerinden Şanlıurfa’da görev yapan acil sağlık hizmetleri personelinin kimyasal, biyolojik, radyolojik ve nükleer (KBRN) olaylara ilişkin öz-bildirimli bilgi düzeyleri, algılanan hazırlık durumları ve eğitim gereksinimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel araştırma, 22 Ekim–5 Kasım 2025 tarihleri arasında 112 Acil Sağlık Hizmetleri, Ulusal Medikal Kurtarma Ekibi ve hastane acil servislerinde çalışan 314 personelin katılımıyla yürütülmüştür. Veriler, alanlara özgü bilgi, hazırlık, kurumlar arası iş birliği ve standartlara uyum algısını beşli Likert maddeleriyle değerlendiren yapılandırılmış bir anketle toplanmıştır. Analizlerde Mann–Whitney U ve ki-kare testleri kullanılmış, istatistiksel anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 31,8 yıl olup %69,4’ü erkektir. Öz-bildirimli bilgi tüm alanlarda ağırlıklı olarak orta düzeydedir. İyi veya çok iyi bilgi bildirenlerin oranı nükleer alanda en düşük (%22,3), yetersizlik algısı ise en yüksek (%74,2) düzeydedir. Önceden KBRN eğitimi almış olmak, daha yüksek bilgi ve algılanan hazırlık düzeyleriyle ilişkili bulunmuştur. Kuramsal ve uygulamalı eğitimi birlikte alanlar, yalnızca kuramsal eğitim alanlara göre daha yüksek hazırlık bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların %55,4’ü mevcut eğitimleri yetersiz bulmuş; en sık yüz yüze eğitim ve 2–3 günlük programlar tercih edilmiştir. Bulgular, özellikle nükleer alandaki eğitim gereksinimini ortaya koymaktadır. Simülasyon, tatbikat ve senaryo temelli öğrenmeyi içeren kısa, yoğun ve uygulamalı programlar personelin hazırlığını güçlendirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acil sağlık hizmetleri
• Afet planlaması
• Biyolojik savaş ajanları
• Kimyasal savaş ajanları
• Radyasyon yaralanmaları

Etik Beyan

Etik Kurul Onayı: Bu araştırma için Harran Üniversitesi Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır (Karar No: 25.11.42; Tarih: 16 Haziran 2025; Oturum No: 11). Gönüllü Onamı: Çalışmaya katılan tüm gönüllülerden aydınlatılmış onam alınmıştır. Etik Standartlara Uygunluk: Araştırma, Helsinki Bildirgesi ilkelerine uygun olarak yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın planlanması, verilerin toplanması, analizi ve raporlanması aşamalarında bilimsel dürüstlük ve etik kurallara tamamen riayet edilmiştir. Çıkar Çatışması Beyanı: Yazarlar arasında çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır. Maddi Destek: Bu çalışma kapsamında herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya kişiden maddi destek alınmamıştır. Araştırma yazarların kişisel imkânlarıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yazar Katkı Beyanı: Çalışmanın tasarımı, veri toplama, analiz, yazım ve son onay süreçlerinde tüm yazarlar aktif rol almış, nihai metni incelemiş ve onaylamıştır.

CBRN Preparedness Level of Emergency Health Services Personnel in Border Regions

Öz

This study assessed self-reported knowledge, perceived preparedness, and training needs regarding chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) events among emergency health services personnel in Şanlıurfa, a border province of Türkiye. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted between 22 October and 5 November 2025 among 314 personnel from 112 Emergency Medical Services, the National Medical Rescue Team, and hospital emergency departments. A structured questionnaire used five-point Likert items to assess domain-specific knowledge and perceptions of preparedness, inter-institutional collaboration, and compliance with standards. Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests were used, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Participants’ mean age was 31.8 years, and 69.4% were male. Self-reported knowledge was predominantly moderate across domains. The nuclear domain had the lowest proportion reporting good or very good knowledge (22.3%) and the highest perceived deficiency (74.2%). Prior CBRN training was associated with higher knowledge and perceived preparedness. Participants receiving both theoretical and practical training reported greater readiness than those receiving theory alone. Overall, 55.4% considered existing training inadequate; face-to-face delivery and 2–3-day programs were preferred. These findings highlight training needs, particularly in the nuclear domain. Short, intensive, practice-oriented programs incorporating simulation, drills, and scenario-based learning may strengthen staff preparedness.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biological warfare agents
• Chemical warfare agents
• Disaster planning
• Emergency medical services
• Radiation injuries

Etik Beyan

Ethics Approval: This study was approved by the Harran University Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision No: 25.11.42; Date: June 16, 2025; Session: 11). Informed Consent: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Compliance with Ethical Standards: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All procedures related to study design, data collection, analysis, and reporting complied fully with scientific integrity and ethical standards. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Funding: No financial support was received from any institution, organization, or individual for this study. The research was conducted entirely with the authors’ own resources. Author Contributions: All authors contributed to the study’s conception, design, data collection, analysis, and manuscript preparation. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Kaynakça

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