Human Dignity-Oriented Post-Earthquake Shelter: A Maslow-Based Evaluation Model

Öz

Post-earthquake sheltering practices predominantly focus on immediate physical survival, climatic protection, and fundamental safety metrics, while the psychosocial and socio-cultural needs of disaster victimswhich are vital for long-term recovery remain secondary in international standards. This study aims to address this conceptual and practical gap by comprehensively re-evaluating post-disaster temporary shelter standards within the holistic framework of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Within the scope of the research, core guideline documents and standards published by leading international humanitarian organizations (IFRC, UNHCR, The Sphere Project) were systematically reviewed based on the PRISMA approach. Through qualitative content and thematic analysis, 68 initially extracted sheltering criteria were refined by eliminating conceptual overlaps into 32 unique design and planning parameters, grouped under eight main themes, and systematically correlated with Maslow’s five-level needs hierarchy. The analytical findings demonstrate that 66% of the criteria in existing standards are heavily concentrated at the physiological and safety levels, whereas parameters centered on human dignity such as privacy, cultural identity, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization remain significantly limited. Accordingly, a "Human Dignity-Oriented Multi-Layered Shelter Evaluation Model" was developed. Ultimately, the proposed model provides disaster management decision-makers, planners, and field practitioners with a flexible and practical decision-support tool to transform post-earthquake shelters from merely temporary storage spaces into dignified living environments that foster individual well-being and rebuild community resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster management
• Post-earthquake shelter
• Temporary housing standards
• Hierarchy of needs
• Humanitarian shelter
• Decision support model

İnsan Onuruna Dayalı Deprem Sonrası Barınma: Maslow Temelli Bir Değerlendirme Modeli

Öz

Deprem sonrası barınma pratikleri genellikle fiziksel hayatta kalma, iklimsel korunma ve temel güvenlik ölçütlerine odaklanmakta; ancak afetzedelerin uzun vadeli iyileşme süreçlerinde kritik rol oynayan psikososyal ve sosyo-kültürel ihtiyaçları uluslararası standartlarda ikincil planda kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu kavramsal ve uygulamalı eksikliği gidermek amacıyla deprem sonrası geçici barınma standartlarını Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisi kuramı çerçevesinde bütüncül bir perspektifle yeniden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında, önde gelen uluslararası insani yardım kuruluşları (IFRC, UNHCR, The Sphere Project) tarafından yayımlanan temel kılavuz belgeler ve standartlar, PRISMA yaklaşımı temel alınarak kapsamlı ve sistematik bir literatür taramasından geçirilmiştir. Nitel içerik ve tematik analiz sonucunda elde edilen 68 barınma kriteri, kavramsal örtüşmeler giderilerek 32 özgün tasarım ve planlama parametresine indirgenmiş; ardından sekiz ana tema altında kümelendirilerek Maslow’un beş basamaklı ihtiyaç düzeyleriyle eşleştirilmiştir. Analiz bulguları, mevcut standartlardaki kriterlerin %66’sının fizyolojik ve güvenlik düzeylerinde yoğunlaştığını, buna karşın mahremiyet, kültürel kimlik, toplumsal aidiyet, saygı ve kendini gerçekleştirme basamaklarındaki insan onurunu merkeze alan parametrelerin oldukça sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada "İnsan Onuruna Dayalı Çok Katmanlı Barınma Değerlendirme Modeli" geliştirilmiştir. Model, karar vericiler, plancılar ve uygulayıcılar için barınakları yalnızca geçici bir depolama alanı olmaktan çıkarıp, bireysel refahı destekleyen ve toplumsal dayanıklılığı inşa eden onurlu yaşam çevrelerine dönüştürecek esnek ve uygulanabilir bir karar destek aracı sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet yönetimi
• Deprem sonrası barınma
• Geçici barınma standartları
• İhtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi
• İnsani barınma
• Karar destek modeli

Teşekkür

Araştırma kapsamında herhangi bir kişiyle ve/veya kurumla çıkar çatışması/ilişkisi bulunmamaktadır. Bu makale, Ayşan Ilgın Polat tarafından Akdeniz Üniversitesi İç Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı’nda, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Özgü ÖZTURAN danışmanlığında yürütülen “Deprem Sonrası Kullanılan Geçici Barınma Ünitelerindeki Gereksinimlerin Sınıflandırılması ve Tasarıma Etkisi” başlıklı yüksek lisans tezine dayanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

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