Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması

Coşkun Okan Güney; Ahmet Mert; Serkan Gülsoy

doi:10.35341/afet.1197031

Derleme

Toward Ecosystem-Based Planning After Forest Fires: Classification of Fire/Burn Severity

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 206 - 225, 31.03.2023

Coşkun Okan Güney Ahmet Mert Serkan Gülsoy

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1197031

Öz

Forest fires are part of natural processes that affect ecosystems all around the world. Fire affects biophysical processes at different spatio-temporal scales, from micro-scale impacts to broad landscape patterns and processes. In order to implement post-fire decision-making processes, managers should be able to adequately characterize burned areas. This is possible by determining fire severity, which is considered as the degree of fire-induced ecological change in both vegetation and soil and is one of the most important components of the fire regime. Fire severity can be classified based on visual observation of the degree of fuels consumed and the amount of char on plant and soil surfaces that remained unconsumed after the fire. Fire severity is generally classified as unburned, low, moderate, and high. Assessing post-fire damage of large areas can take a lot of effort, money, and time. Therefore, after large fires, remote sensing methods are often used to determine the extent of fire damage to the ecosystems. Fire severity classifications are usually expressed in terms of spectral indices derived from optical remote sensing data or by using maps derived from active remote sensing methods such as SAR and LiDAR. Fire severity classification maps allow to determine the impact of forest fires on soil, water, ecosystem flora and fauna, and the atmosphere. They can therefore promote a more sustainable ecosystem-based planning of burned/unburned areas. In this review, information about the concept of fire severity and fire severity classification is given. For future studies on this topic, the literature was reviewed and summarized and its advantages and disadvantages were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Forest Fire, Fire Ecology, Fire Regime, Fire/Burn Severity, Remote Sensing

Kaynakça

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Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 206 - 225, 31.03.2023

Coşkun Okan Güney Ahmet Mert Serkan Gülsoy

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1197031

Öz

Orman yangınları dünya üzerindeki ekosistemleri etkileyen doğal bir sürecin parçasıdır. Yangın, mikro ölçekli fenomenden geniş peyzaj desenleri ve süreçlerine kadar birden fazla zamansal ve mekânsal ölçekte biyofiziksel süreçleri etkiler. Yöneticiler yangın sonrası karar verme süreçlerini gerçekleştirebilmek için yanan alanların karakterizasyonunu iyi yapabilmelidir. Bu ise hem bitki örtüsü hem de toprakta yangının neden olduğu ekolojik değişimin derecesi olarak kabul edilen ve yangın rejiminin en önemli bileşenlerinden olan yanma derinliğinin tespiti ile mümkündür. Yanma derinliği, yanıcı madde tüketimi derecesinin görsel olarak gözlemlenmesi, yangından sonra tüketilmemiş bitki ve toprak yüzeylerindeki kömürleşme miktarı temelinde sınıflandırılabilir. Bu sınıflandırmalar genellikle yanmamış, az yanmış, orta derecede yanmış ve çok yanmış alanlara ayrılarak yapılır. Bazen yangınlar çok büyük alanlarda meydana gelir ve bu alanlarda zarar tespitleri yapmak çok fazla emek, para ve zaman gerektirebilir. Bu yüzden büyük yangınlar sonrası yangının ekosisteme verdiği zararın derecesi belirlenirken uzaktan algılama yöntemleri sıklıkla kullanılır. Yanma derinliği sınıflandırmaları genellikle optik uzaktan algılama verilerinden türetilen spektral indeksler ile ya da SAR ve LiDAR gibi aktif uzaktan algılama yöntemlerinden elde edilen haritalar ile ifade edilir. Yanma derinliğini sınıflandıran haritalar, orman yangınların toprak, su, ekosistem florası ve faunası, atmosfer üzerindeki etkilerini tanımlayabilir ve yangınlar sonucu ortaya çıkan farklı derecelerde yanmış/ yanmamış alanların sürdürebilir ekolojik bir yaklaşım ile planlanmasında kullanılabilir. Bu çalışmada yanma derinliği kavramı ve yanma derinliği sınıflandırmalarının aşamaları hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, bu konu hakkında bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için literatür özetlenerek konunun iyi ve eksik yönleri tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orman Yangını, Yangın Ekolojisi, Yangın Rejimi, Yanma Derinliği, Uzaktan Algılama

Kaynakça

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Willard, E. E., Wakimoto, R. H. Ryan, K. C., 1995, Vegetation Recovery in Sedge Meadow Communities Within the Red Bench Fire, Glacier National Park, Fire in wetlands: a management perspective. Proceedings of the Tall Timbers Fire Ecology Conference, No. 19., Tall Timbers Research Station, Tallahassee, FL., 102-110.
URL 1, 2022, Wildfire Rank-Province of British Columbia, https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/safety/wildfire-status/wildfire-response/about-wildfire/wildfire- rank: Son Erişim Tarihi: 26.10.2022.

Toplam 90 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	Türkçe
Konular	Mühendislik
Bölüm	Makaleler
Yazarlar	Coşkun Okan Güney 0000-0003-4664-8024 Ahmet Mert 0000-0001-6859-0308 Serkan Gülsoy 0000-0003-2011-8324
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Mart 2023
Kabul Tarihi	7 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA	Güney, C. O., Mert, A., & Gülsoy, S. (2023). Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 6(1), 206-225. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1197031
AMA	Güney CO, Mert A, Gülsoy S. Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Mart 2023;6(1):206-225. doi:10.35341/afet.1197031
Chicago	Güney, Coşkun Okan, Ahmet Mert, ve Serkan Gülsoy. “Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 6, sy. 1 (Mart 2023): 206-25. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1197031.
EndNote	Güney CO, Mert A, Gülsoy S (01 Mart 2023) Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6 1 206–225.
IEEE	C. O. Güney, A. Mert, ve S. Gülsoy, “Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, ss. 206–225, 2023, doi: 10.35341/afet.1197031.
ISNAD	Güney, Coşkun Okan vd. “Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6/1 (Mart 2023), 206-225. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1197031.
JAMA	Güney CO, Mert A, Gülsoy S. Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6:206–225.
MLA	Güney, Coşkun Okan vd. “Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, c. 6, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 206-25, doi:10.35341/afet.1197031.
Vancouver	Güney CO, Mert A, Gülsoy S. Orman Yangınları Sonrası Ekosistem Tabanlı Planlamaya Doğru: Yanma Derinliğinin Sınıflandırılması. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6(1):206-25.

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