Afetlerden Etkilenen Çocuk ve Gençlere Yönelik Kültür ve Sanat Temelli Psikososyal Müdahalelerin Psikolojik ve Sosyal Uyum Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 226 - 241, 29.03.2024

Esra Daşçı

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1386495

Öz

Ülkemizin afet ve krizlere açık olduğu gerçeği ile sürekli yüzleşsek de gerekli önlem ve müdahalelerle ilgili yeterince gelişme kaydedemediğimiz hem alan yazında hem de uygulamalarda dikkat çekmektedir. Özellikle afetlerden sonra ortaya çıkan kısa ve uzun dönem olumsuz psikolojik etkilerin iyileştirilmesini amaçlayan psikososyal destek ve müdahalelerin eksikliği sıklıkla vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışmalar, psikososyal müdahalelerin sıklıkla psikolojik ilk yardıma ve akademik çalışmaya yönelik olması, kırılgan grupları göz ardı etmeleri ve kanıta dayalı gerçekleştirilmemeleri bakımından eleştirilmektedirler. Nüfusun büyük bir kısmını oluşturan kırılgan gruplardan biri olan çocuk ve gençlere yönelik müdahalelerin eksikliğinin büyük bir risk faktörü olarak karşımıza çıktığını görebiliyoruz. Bu doğrultuda, mevcut makale öncelikle afetlerin bireyler üzerindeki kısa ve uzun dönem psikolojik etkilerini; sonrasında özellikle bu etkilerin kırılgan grupları nasıl etkilediğine; en kalabalık kırılgan grup olan çocuk ve gençlere yönelik psikososyal müdahale programlarına odaklanmaktadır. Dünyadaki ve Türkiye’deki örnekleri odağına alarak özellikle kültür ve sanat temelli psikososyal müdahale programlarının çocuk ve gençlerin afetten sonraki sosyal uyumlarına etkisi tartışılmıştır. Son olarak, araştırmalar ve uygulamalar doğrultusunda afetler ve krizlerden sonra çocuk ve gençlere yönelik geliştirilecek psikososyal müdahale programlarına yönelik öneriler sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet Sonrası Psikososyal Müdahale, Çocuk ve Gençler, Deprem, Kırılgan Gruplar, Sanat Temelli Müdahale, Sosyal Uyum

The Effect of Culture and Art-Based Psychosocial Interventions on Psychological and Social Adaptation of Children and Youth Affected by Disasters

Öz

Even though we live with the reality that catastrophes and crises are a constant in our country, it is apparent in the literature and in practice that we have not advanced far enough in terms of the crucial precautions and interventions. In literature, the lack of psychosocial support and interventions aimed at improving the short and long-term negative psychological effects that occur particularly in post-disaster settings is often emphasized. Current post-disaster psychosocial interventions are criticized for the fact that they are often focused on psychological first aid and academic studies, that they ignore vulnerable groups, and that they are not evidence-based. Research specifically indicates the lack of interventions aimed at children and young people, one of the vulnerable groups that constitute a large part of the population, appear as a major risk factor. In this sense, the present article focuses on psychosocial intervention programs for children and youth, the largest vulnerable group, and explores the immediate and long-term psychological consequences of catastrophes on individuals, paying particular attention to how they affect vulnerable populations. The impact of cultural and art-based psychosocial intervention programs on the social adaptation of children and young people following disasters are examined, with a focus on examples from Turkey as well as around the world. Finally, in line with research and practice, recommendations are made for the development of psychological intervention programs for children and youth in post-disaster settings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Art-Based Intervention, Children and Youth, Earthquake, Post-Disaster Psychosocial Intervention, Social Adaptation, Vulnerable Groups

Kaynakça

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