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Effects of pre-commercial thinning on soil respiration and some soil properties in black pine (Pinus nigra) stands

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 27 - 33, 27.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1308649

Öz

Forestry practices may cause significant changes in soil characteristics as related to their properties and size. Although chemical attributes of the soil respond to the applications in the mid- or long-term while changes in soil respiration can react rapidly to forestry practices. Therefore, determining changes in soil attributes is needed to identify how the management practices would affect forest ecosystem function. Although there is much information on the effect of thinning practices on tree growth, there is a lack of knowledge on the impacts of pre-commercial thinning on soil properties, especially soil respiration. We aimed to determine pre-commercial thinning effects on some soil attributes in black pine sites. Four treatments with different intensities were applied to the stands studied. These practices were control (no pre-commercial thinning), 2000 (heavy), 4000 (moderate), and 6000 (light) individuals per hectare left, respectively. Measurements of soil respiration and soil temperature were carried out between 2014 and 2017 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter months. Soil characteristics, including pH, organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphor content, were measured just after and three years after the thinning. As a result, thinning increased soil respiration rate and soil temperature while decreased soil pH values. Results of the study showed that carbon balance in the ecosystem was significantly affected by thinnings, and adjusting the thinning intensity may be an efficient carbon management tool for reducing carbon emission from the soil.

Destekleyen Kurum

Orman Genel Müdürlüğü

Proje Numarası

ESK-22(6317)/2014-2017/2018

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the General Directorate of Forestry, Research Institute for Forest Soil and Ecology within the project numbered ESK-22(6317)/2014-2017/2018.

Kaynakça

  • Akburak, S., Makineci, E., 2013. Temporal changes of soil respiration under different tree species. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185 : 3349–3358.
  • Akburak, S., Makineci, E., 2016. Thinning effects on soil and microbial respiration in a coppiceoriginated Carpinus betulus L. stand in Turkey. iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry, 9, 783–790.
  • Bolat., İ., 2019. Microbial biomass, basal respiration, and microbial indices of soil in diverse croplands in a region of northwestern Turkey (Bartın). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191 (11) : 1–13
  • Bond-Lamberty, B., Thomson, A., 2010. A global database of soil respiration data. Biogeosciences, 7 : 1915–1926.
  • Callaham, M.A., Anderson, J.P.H., Waldrop, T.A., Lione, D.J., Shelburne, V.B., 2004. Litter decomposition and soil respiration responses to fuelreduction treatments in piedmont loblolly pine forests. In Connor, K.F. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville. North Carolina.
  • Campbell, J., Alberti, G., Martin, J., Law, B.E., 2009. Carbon dynamics of a ponderosa pine plantation following a thinning treatment in the northern Sierra Nevada. Forest Ecology and Management, 257 (2) : 453–463.
  • Cheng, X., Bai, Y., Zhu, J., Han, H., 2020. Effects of forest thinning on interception and surface runoff in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation during the growing season. Journal of Arid Environments, 181 : 104222.
  • Concilio, A., Ma, S., Li, Q., LeMoine, J., Chen, J., North, M., Moorhead D., Jensen R., 2005. Soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning in mixed-conifer and hardwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35 : 1581–1591. doi: 10.1139/X05-091
  • Davidson, E.A., Beck, E., Boone, R.D., 1998. Soil water content and temperature as independent or confound factors controlling soil respiration in a temperature mixed hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 4 : 217-227.
  • del Campo, A.D., Otsuki, K., Serengil, Y., Blanco, J.A., Yousefpour, R., Wei, X., 2022. A global synthesis on the effects of thinning on hydrological processes: Implications for forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 519: 120324.
  • Epron, D., Ngao, J., Granier, A., 2004. Interannual variation of soil respiration in a beech forest ecosystemover a six-year study. Annals of Forest Science, 61 : 499–505. doi: 10.1051/forest:2004044
  • Eswaran H., Berg E., Reich, P., 1993. Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Science Society of America, 57 : 192-194.
  • Gough, C.M., Seiler, J.R., 2004. The influence of environmental, soil carbon, root, and stand characteristics on soil CO2 efflux in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations located on the South Carolina Coastal Plain. Forest Ecology and Management, 191, 353–363.
  • Grogan, P., 1998. CO2 flux measurement using soda lime : correction for water formed during CO2 adsorption. Ecology, 79 (4), 1467–1468.
  • IPCC, 2001. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ipss.ch). Climate Change (2001) In T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C. A. Johnson (Eds.). IPCC, Cambridge, UK.
  • IUSS, 2015. IUSS, 2015. International Union of Soil Science (iuss.org). Working Group WRB. World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf; 28.12.2022
  • Jarvis, P. G., Rey, A., Petsikos, C., Wingate, L., Rayment, M., Pereira, J., Banza, J., David, J., Miglietta, F., Borghetti, M., Manca, G., Valentini, R., 2007. Drying and wetting of soils stimulates decomposition and carbon dioxide emission: the “Birch effect“. Tree Physiology, 27 : 929–940.
  • Kacar, B., 2012. Toprak Analizleri. Yayın no : 484-043, Nobel Yayınları, 466p, Ankara
  • Kantarcı, M. D., 2000, Toprak İlmi. İstanbul Üniversitesi yayın No: 4261, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 462, İstanbul.
  • Kaye, J. P., Hart, S. C., 1998. Restoration and canopy-type effects on soil respiration in a ponderosa pine-bunchgrass ecosystem. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 62 (4) : 1062–1072.
  • Keith, H., Jacobsen, K. L., Raison, R. J., 1997. Effects of soil phosphorus availability, temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest. Plant and Soil, 190 (1) : 127–141.
  • Lichter J., Billings S.A., Ziegler S.E., Gaindh D., Ryals R., Finzi A.C., Jackson R.B., Stemmler E.A., Schlesinger W.H., 2008. Soil carbon sequestration in a pine forest after 9 years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Global Change Biology, 14(12) : 2910–2922.
  • Lin, N., Deng, N., Lu, D., Xie, H., Feng, M., Chen, S., 2022. Short-term effects of thinning on tree growth and soil nutrients in the middle-aged Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations. Forests 14, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010074
  • Matamala R., Schlesinger W.H., 2000. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root production and activity in an intact temperate forest ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 6 (8) : 967-979.
  • Monteith, J., Szeicz, G., Yabuki, K., 1964. Crop photosynthesis and flux of carbon dioxide below the canopy. Applied Ecology, 1 (2) :321-337.
  • Özdamar, K., 2002. Paket Programları İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler). Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Pang X., Bao W., Zhu B., Cheng W., 2013. Responses of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity to thinning in a pine plantation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 171–172 : 57– 64.
  • Pregitzer K.S., Burton A.J., King J.S., Zak D.R., 2008. Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long-term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3. New Phytologist, 180(1) : 153–161.
  • Pypker, T.G., Fredeen, A.L., 2003. Below ground CO2 efflux from cut blocks of varying ages in sub-boreal British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management, 172 (2/3) : 249–259.
  • Raich, J.W., Schlesinger, W.H., 1992. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus, 44B : 81-99.
  • Raich, J.W., Potter, C.S., 1995. Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9 : 23-36.
  • Rey, A., Pegoraro, E., Tedeschi, V., Di Parri, I., Jarvis, P.G., Valentini, R., 2002. Annual variation in soil respiration and its components in a coppice oak forest in Central Italy. Global Change Biology, 8 : 1-8.
  • Rey, A., Pepsikos, C., Jarvis, P.G., Grace, J., 2005. The effect of soil temperature and soil moisture on carbon mineralisation rates in a Mediterranean forest soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 56 : 589-599.
  • Rey A., Pegoraro E., Oyonarte C., Were A., Escribano P., Raimundo J., 2011. Impact of land degradation on soil respiration in a steppe (Stipa tenacissima L.) semi-arid ecosystem in the SE of Spain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43 : 393-403.
  • Ryu SR, Concilio A, Chen J, North M, Mae S, 2009. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning effects on belowground conditions and soil respiration in a mixed-conifer forest, California, Forest Ecology and Management, 257 : 1324–1332. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033
  • Schlesinger, W.H., Andrews J.A., 2000. Soil respiration and global carbon cycle. Biogeochemistry, 48 : 7-20. Schimel, D.S., 1995. Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle. Global Change Biology, 1 : 77-91.
  • Selig, M.F., Seiler, J.R., 2004. Soil CO2 Efflux Trends Following the Thinning of a 22-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Plantation on the Piedmont of Virginia. General Technical Report. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service (SRS-71).
  • Selmants, P.C., Hart, S.C., Boyle, S.I., Gehring, C.A., Hungate, B.A., 2008. Restoration of a ponderosa pine forest increases soil CO2 efflux more than either water or nitrogen additions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45 (3) : 913–920.
  • Subke, J.A., Inglima, I., Cotrufo, M.F., 2006. Trends and methodological impacts in soil CO2 partitioning: a methaanalytical review. Global Change Biology, 12 : 921–943.
  • Sullivan BW, Kolb TE, Hart SC, Kaye JP, Dore S, Montes-Helu M, 2008. Thinning reduces soil carbon dioxide but not methane flux from southwestern USA ponderosa pine forests, Forest Ecology and Management, 255 : 4047–4055.
  • Tang, J., Qi, Y., Xu, M., Misson, L., Goldstein, A.H., 2005. Forest thinning and soil respiration in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada. Tree Physiology, 25 (1) : 57–66.
  • Toland, D.E., Zak, D.R., 1994. Seasonal patterns of soil respiration in intact and clearcut northern hardwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24 (8) : 1711–1716.
  • Tolunay D., 2003. Aladağ (Bolu) Sıklık Çağındaki Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Meşcerelerinde Bakımların Madde Dolaşımına Etkileri. İÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A (53) 1 : 47-73.
  • TS 8336. Topraklar - Organik Madde Tayini.
  • TS ISO 10390. Toprak Kalitesi - pH Tayini.
  • TS ISO 11265. Toprak Kalitesi - Elektriksel Öziletkenlik Tayini.
  • Tüfekçioğlu, A., Küçük, M., 2004. Soil respiration in young and old oriental spruce stands and in adjacent grasslands in Artvin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28 : 429-434.
  • Wiseman, P.E., Seiler, J.R., 2004. Soil CO2 efflux across four age classes of plantation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on the Virginia Piedmont. Forest Ecology and Management, 192 (2/3) : 297–311.
  • Yang L, Qin J, Geng Y, Zhang C, Pan J, Niu S, Tian D, Zhao X, Wang J, 2022. Long-term effects of forest thinning on soil respiration and its components in a pine plantation. Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 513, 120189
  • Yilmaz, G, Bilgili A.V., 2018. Modeling seasonal variations of long-term soil CO2 emissions in an orchard plantation in a semi-arid area, SE Turkey. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 190 (486) : 3–14. doi: org/10.1007/s10661-018-6861-6
  • Yuste, J.C., Baldocchi, D.D., Gershenson, A., Goldstein, A., Misson, L., Wong, S., 2007. Microbial soil respiration and its dependency on carbon inputs, soil temperature and moisture. Global Change Biology, 13 (9) : 2018–2035.
  • Zak, D.R., Pregitzer, K.S., Curtis, P.S., Holmes, W.E., 2000. Atmospheric CO2 and the composition and function of soil microbial communities. Ecological Applications, by the Ecological Society of America, 10(1) : 47–59.
  • Zhang, Q.H., Zak, J.C., 1995. Effects of gap size on litter decomposition and microbial activity in a subtropical forest. Ecology, 76 (7) : 2196–2204.
  • Zhang, Q., Zak, J.C., 1998. Potential physiological activities of fungi and bacteria in relation to plant litter decomposition along a gap size gradient in a natural subtropical forest. Microbial Ecology, 35 (2) : 172–179.
  • Zhang, X., Guan, D., Li, W., Sun, D., Jin, C., Yuan, F., Wang, A., Wu, J., 2018. The effects of forest thinning on soil carbon stocks and dynamics: a meta-analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 429 : 36–43.
  • Zhang, H., Ying, B., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, X., Tang, C., 2022. Response of soil respiration to thinning is altered by thinning residue treatment in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 324: 109089.

Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold) meşcerelerinde ayıklama kesimlerinin toprak solunumuna ve bazı toprak özelliklerine etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 27 - 33, 27.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1308649

Öz

Ormanlarda gerçekleştirilen teknik müdahaleler, özelliklerine ve boyutlarına bağlı olarak toprak özelliklerinde önemli değişikliklere neden olabilmektedir. Toprağın kimyasal özellikleri yapılan uygulamalara daha uzun sürede tepki gösterirken toprak solunumundaki değişim daha belirgin ve kısa sürede görülebilmektedir. Bu sebeple orman yönetim uygulamalarının orman ekosisteminin işlevlerini nasıl etkilediğinin ortaya konulması için toprak özelliklerindeki değişimin belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Sözü edilen teknik müdahalelerden bakım kesimlerinin ağaç büyümesi üzerine etkisi konusunda çok fazla bilgi olmasına rağmen, toprak parametreleri, özellikle toprak solunumu üzerindeki etkileri hakkında bilgiler kısıtlıdır. Bu çalışma ile karaçam ormanlarında ayıklama kesimlerinin toprak özellikleri üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmış, 4 farklı şiddette ayıklama müdahalesi yapılmıştır. Bu müdahaleler sırasıyla kontrol (kesim yok), 2000 (kuvvetli), 4000 (orta) ve 6000 (zayıf) fert ha-1 kalacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. 2014-2017 yılları arasında örnekleme yapılmış ve ilkbahar, yaz, sonbahar ve kış aylarında her parselde toprak solunumu ve toprak sıcaklığı için 9 ölçüm yapılmıştır. Toprak özelliklerinden pH, organik madde, azot ve fosfor içerikleri ayıklamadan hemen sonra ve 3 yıl sonra ölçülmüştür. Çalışma sonucunda ayıklama kesiminin toprak solunumunu (Rs) ve toprak sıcaklığını arttırdığı, pH değerlerini ise azalttığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçları orman ekosistemindeki karbon bilançosunun ayıklama kesimlerinden etkilendiğini ve topraktan meydana gelen karbon emisyonunun azaltılmasında ayıklama şiddetinin ayarlanmasının karbon yönetimi için önemli bir araç olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Proje Numarası

ESK-22(6317)/2014-2017/2018

Kaynakça

  • Akburak, S., Makineci, E., 2013. Temporal changes of soil respiration under different tree species. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185 : 3349–3358.
  • Akburak, S., Makineci, E., 2016. Thinning effects on soil and microbial respiration in a coppiceoriginated Carpinus betulus L. stand in Turkey. iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry, 9, 783–790.
  • Bolat., İ., 2019. Microbial biomass, basal respiration, and microbial indices of soil in diverse croplands in a region of northwestern Turkey (Bartın). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 191 (11) : 1–13
  • Bond-Lamberty, B., Thomson, A., 2010. A global database of soil respiration data. Biogeosciences, 7 : 1915–1926.
  • Callaham, M.A., Anderson, J.P.H., Waldrop, T.A., Lione, D.J., Shelburne, V.B., 2004. Litter decomposition and soil respiration responses to fuelreduction treatments in piedmont loblolly pine forests. In Connor, K.F. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 12th biennial southern silvicultural research conference. USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Asheville. North Carolina.
  • Campbell, J., Alberti, G., Martin, J., Law, B.E., 2009. Carbon dynamics of a ponderosa pine plantation following a thinning treatment in the northern Sierra Nevada. Forest Ecology and Management, 257 (2) : 453–463.
  • Cheng, X., Bai, Y., Zhu, J., Han, H., 2020. Effects of forest thinning on interception and surface runoff in Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation during the growing season. Journal of Arid Environments, 181 : 104222.
  • Concilio, A., Ma, S., Li, Q., LeMoine, J., Chen, J., North, M., Moorhead D., Jensen R., 2005. Soil respiration response to prescribed burning and thinning in mixed-conifer and hardwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 35 : 1581–1591. doi: 10.1139/X05-091
  • Davidson, E.A., Beck, E., Boone, R.D., 1998. Soil water content and temperature as independent or confound factors controlling soil respiration in a temperature mixed hardwood forest. Global Change Biology, 4 : 217-227.
  • del Campo, A.D., Otsuki, K., Serengil, Y., Blanco, J.A., Yousefpour, R., Wei, X., 2022. A global synthesis on the effects of thinning on hydrological processes: Implications for forest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 519: 120324.
  • Epron, D., Ngao, J., Granier, A., 2004. Interannual variation of soil respiration in a beech forest ecosystemover a six-year study. Annals of Forest Science, 61 : 499–505. doi: 10.1051/forest:2004044
  • Eswaran H., Berg E., Reich, P., 1993. Organic carbon in soils of the world. Soil Science Society of America, 57 : 192-194.
  • Gough, C.M., Seiler, J.R., 2004. The influence of environmental, soil carbon, root, and stand characteristics on soil CO2 efflux in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations located on the South Carolina Coastal Plain. Forest Ecology and Management, 191, 353–363.
  • Grogan, P., 1998. CO2 flux measurement using soda lime : correction for water formed during CO2 adsorption. Ecology, 79 (4), 1467–1468.
  • IPCC, 2001. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (ipss.ch). Climate Change (2001) In T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P. J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C. A. Johnson (Eds.). IPCC, Cambridge, UK.
  • IUSS, 2015. IUSS, 2015. International Union of Soil Science (iuss.org). Working Group WRB. World reference base for soil resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. fao.org/3/i3794en/I3794en.pdf; 28.12.2022
  • Jarvis, P. G., Rey, A., Petsikos, C., Wingate, L., Rayment, M., Pereira, J., Banza, J., David, J., Miglietta, F., Borghetti, M., Manca, G., Valentini, R., 2007. Drying and wetting of soils stimulates decomposition and carbon dioxide emission: the “Birch effect“. Tree Physiology, 27 : 929–940.
  • Kacar, B., 2012. Toprak Analizleri. Yayın no : 484-043, Nobel Yayınları, 466p, Ankara
  • Kantarcı, M. D., 2000, Toprak İlmi. İstanbul Üniversitesi yayın No: 4261, Orman Fakültesi Yayın No: 462, İstanbul.
  • Kaye, J. P., Hart, S. C., 1998. Restoration and canopy-type effects on soil respiration in a ponderosa pine-bunchgrass ecosystem. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 62 (4) : 1062–1072.
  • Keith, H., Jacobsen, K. L., Raison, R. J., 1997. Effects of soil phosphorus availability, temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest. Plant and Soil, 190 (1) : 127–141.
  • Lichter J., Billings S.A., Ziegler S.E., Gaindh D., Ryals R., Finzi A.C., Jackson R.B., Stemmler E.A., Schlesinger W.H., 2008. Soil carbon sequestration in a pine forest after 9 years of atmospheric CO2 enrichment. Global Change Biology, 14(12) : 2910–2922.
  • Lin, N., Deng, N., Lu, D., Xie, H., Feng, M., Chen, S., 2022. Short-term effects of thinning on tree growth and soil nutrients in the middle-aged Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations. Forests 14, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/f14010074
  • Matamala R., Schlesinger W.H., 2000. Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on fine root production and activity in an intact temperate forest ecosystem. Global Change Biology, 6 (8) : 967-979.
  • Monteith, J., Szeicz, G., Yabuki, K., 1964. Crop photosynthesis and flux of carbon dioxide below the canopy. Applied Ecology, 1 (2) :321-337.
  • Özdamar, K., 2002. Paket Programları İle İstatistiksel Veri Analizi (Çok Değişkenli Analizler). Kaan Kitabevi, Eskişehir.
  • Pang X., Bao W., Zhu B., Cheng W., 2013. Responses of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity to thinning in a pine plantation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 171–172 : 57– 64.
  • Pregitzer K.S., Burton A.J., King J.S., Zak D.R., 2008. Soil respiration, root biomass, and root turnover following long-term exposure of northern forests to elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3. New Phytologist, 180(1) : 153–161.
  • Pypker, T.G., Fredeen, A.L., 2003. Below ground CO2 efflux from cut blocks of varying ages in sub-boreal British Columbia. Forest Ecology and Management, 172 (2/3) : 249–259.
  • Raich, J.W., Schlesinger, W.H., 1992. The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate. Tellus, 44B : 81-99.
  • Raich, J.W., Potter, C.S., 1995. Global patterns of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9 : 23-36.
  • Rey, A., Pegoraro, E., Tedeschi, V., Di Parri, I., Jarvis, P.G., Valentini, R., 2002. Annual variation in soil respiration and its components in a coppice oak forest in Central Italy. Global Change Biology, 8 : 1-8.
  • Rey, A., Pepsikos, C., Jarvis, P.G., Grace, J., 2005. The effect of soil temperature and soil moisture on carbon mineralisation rates in a Mediterranean forest soil. European Journal of Soil Science, 56 : 589-599.
  • Rey A., Pegoraro E., Oyonarte C., Were A., Escribano P., Raimundo J., 2011. Impact of land degradation on soil respiration in a steppe (Stipa tenacissima L.) semi-arid ecosystem in the SE of Spain. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43 : 393-403.
  • Ryu SR, Concilio A, Chen J, North M, Mae S, 2009. Prescribed burning and mechanical thinning effects on belowground conditions and soil respiration in a mixed-conifer forest, California, Forest Ecology and Management, 257 : 1324–1332. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.033
  • Schlesinger, W.H., Andrews J.A., 2000. Soil respiration and global carbon cycle. Biogeochemistry, 48 : 7-20. Schimel, D.S., 1995. Terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle. Global Change Biology, 1 : 77-91.
  • Selig, M.F., Seiler, J.R., 2004. Soil CO2 Efflux Trends Following the Thinning of a 22-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Plantation on the Piedmont of Virginia. General Technical Report. Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service (SRS-71).
  • Selmants, P.C., Hart, S.C., Boyle, S.I., Gehring, C.A., Hungate, B.A., 2008. Restoration of a ponderosa pine forest increases soil CO2 efflux more than either water or nitrogen additions. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45 (3) : 913–920.
  • Subke, J.A., Inglima, I., Cotrufo, M.F., 2006. Trends and methodological impacts in soil CO2 partitioning: a methaanalytical review. Global Change Biology, 12 : 921–943.
  • Sullivan BW, Kolb TE, Hart SC, Kaye JP, Dore S, Montes-Helu M, 2008. Thinning reduces soil carbon dioxide but not methane flux from southwestern USA ponderosa pine forests, Forest Ecology and Management, 255 : 4047–4055.
  • Tang, J., Qi, Y., Xu, M., Misson, L., Goldstein, A.H., 2005. Forest thinning and soil respiration in a ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada. Tree Physiology, 25 (1) : 57–66.
  • Toland, D.E., Zak, D.R., 1994. Seasonal patterns of soil respiration in intact and clearcut northern hardwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24 (8) : 1711–1716.
  • Tolunay D., 2003. Aladağ (Bolu) Sıklık Çağındaki Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Meşcerelerinde Bakımların Madde Dolaşımına Etkileri. İÜ Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, A (53) 1 : 47-73.
  • TS 8336. Topraklar - Organik Madde Tayini.
  • TS ISO 10390. Toprak Kalitesi - pH Tayini.
  • TS ISO 11265. Toprak Kalitesi - Elektriksel Öziletkenlik Tayini.
  • Tüfekçioğlu, A., Küçük, M., 2004. Soil respiration in young and old oriental spruce stands and in adjacent grasslands in Artvin, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 28 : 429-434.
  • Wiseman, P.E., Seiler, J.R., 2004. Soil CO2 efflux across four age classes of plantation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on the Virginia Piedmont. Forest Ecology and Management, 192 (2/3) : 297–311.
  • Yang L, Qin J, Geng Y, Zhang C, Pan J, Niu S, Tian D, Zhao X, Wang J, 2022. Long-term effects of forest thinning on soil respiration and its components in a pine plantation. Journal of Forest Ecology and Management, 513, 120189
  • Yilmaz, G, Bilgili A.V., 2018. Modeling seasonal variations of long-term soil CO2 emissions in an orchard plantation in a semi-arid area, SE Turkey. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 190 (486) : 3–14. doi: org/10.1007/s10661-018-6861-6
  • Yuste, J.C., Baldocchi, D.D., Gershenson, A., Goldstein, A., Misson, L., Wong, S., 2007. Microbial soil respiration and its dependency on carbon inputs, soil temperature and moisture. Global Change Biology, 13 (9) : 2018–2035.
  • Zak, D.R., Pregitzer, K.S., Curtis, P.S., Holmes, W.E., 2000. Atmospheric CO2 and the composition and function of soil microbial communities. Ecological Applications, by the Ecological Society of America, 10(1) : 47–59.
  • Zhang, Q.H., Zak, J.C., 1995. Effects of gap size on litter decomposition and microbial activity in a subtropical forest. Ecology, 76 (7) : 2196–2204.
  • Zhang, Q., Zak, J.C., 1998. Potential physiological activities of fungi and bacteria in relation to plant litter decomposition along a gap size gradient in a natural subtropical forest. Microbial Ecology, 35 (2) : 172–179.
  • Zhang, X., Guan, D., Li, W., Sun, D., Jin, C., Yuan, F., Wang, A., Wu, J., 2018. The effects of forest thinning on soil carbon stocks and dynamics: a meta-analysis. Forest Ecology and Management, 429 : 36–43.
  • Zhang, H., Ying, B., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Yu, X., Tang, C., 2022. Response of soil respiration to thinning is altered by thinning residue treatment in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 324: 109089.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Orman Endüstri Mühendisliği, Orman Ekosistemleri, Orman Yetiştirme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Aydın Çömez 0000-0002-1972-0396

Aliye Sepken Kaptanoğlu 0000-0001-6535-5257

Proje Numarası ESK-22(6317)/2014-2017/2018
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 21 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Haziran 2023
Kabul Tarihi 16 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çömez, A., & Kaptanoğlu, A. S. (2023). Effects of pre-commercial thinning on soil respiration and some soil properties in black pine (Pinus nigra) stands. Ağaç Ve Orman, 4(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.59751/agacorman.1308649