Araştırma Makalesi
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Retrospective evaluation of demographic data, clinical features and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 147 - 158, 20.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.1717035
https://izlik.org/JA88CD97SM

Öz

Background and Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical features, and survival outcomes of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Additionally, patients diagnosed with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors were included for comparative analysis. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 169 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors between January 1, 2011, and June 1, 2020, at Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Health Practice and Research Center. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, overall survival, and progression-free survival were analyzed. Results: Of the 169 patients, 152 (89.9%) had pancreatic cancer and 17 (10.1%) had pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. The mean age at diagnosis was 60.7 years; 40.8% were female and 59.2% male. Median overall survival and progression-free survival for all patients were 11 and 6 months, respectively. In pancreatic cancer patients, overall survival was 10 months and progression-free survival 6 months, whereas in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors patients, overall survival and progression-free survival were significantly longer (39 and 30 months, respectively). Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, body mass index, tumor-node-metastasis stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were significantly associated with overall survival and progression-free survival in both groups. In pancreatic cancer patients only, elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels and metastases (lymph node, liver, lung, peritoneum) negatively affected overall survival and progression-free survival. Factors such as alcohol/smoking habits, tumor size and location, chemotherapy, and biliary stenting showed no significant impact on survival in either group. Conclusion: Overall survival and progression-free survival were significantly worse in patients with pancreatic cancer compared with those with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Consistent with the literature, advanced tumor–node–metastasis stage, poor ECOG performance status, and the presence of peritoneal metastasis at diagnosis had a statistically significant negative impact on both overall survival and progression-free survival in pancreatic cancer cases. In these patients, the presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis and elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels were found to negatively affect only overall survival. Although some studies have reported that biliary decompression provides an overall survival advantage in patients with pancreatic cancer, our study found no effect of biliary decompression on survival.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Turkish Statistical Institute. Cause of Death Statistics, 2018. Published 2019. Accessed December 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2018-30626
  • 2. Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12-49. doi:10.3322/caac.21820
  • 3. Shimm DS. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 2009;74(3):974.
  • 4. Bosetti C, Bertuccio P, Negri E, et al. Pancreatic cancer: overview of descriptive epidemiology. Mol Carcinog. 2012;51(1):3-13. doi: 10.1002/mc.20785.
  • 5. Zhang YH, Zhang CW, Hu ZM, Hong DF. Pancreatic cancer: open or minimally invasive surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(32):7301-7310. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7301.
  • 6. Asbun HJ, Stauffer JA. Laparoscopic vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy: overall outcomes and severity of complications using the Accordion Severity Grading System. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215(6):810-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.08.006.
  • 7. Kimura Y, Hirata K, Mukaiya M, et al. Hand-assisted laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreas head disease. Am J Surg. 2005;189(6):734-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.03.017.
  • 8. Sun H, Ma H, Hong G, Sun H, Wang J. Survival improvement in patients with pancreatic cancer by decade: a period analysis of the SEER database, 1981–2010. Sci Rep. 2014:4:6747. doi: 10.1038/srep06747.
  • 9. Çetin Ş, Dede İ. Prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer. Med J SDU. 2019;26(1):30-4. Doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.424067.
  • 10. Chu QD, Hill HC, Douglass HO, et al. Predictive factors associated with long-term survival in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(9):855-62. doi: 10.1007/BF02557521.
  • 11. Bachmann J, Büchler MW, Friess H, Martignoni ME. Cachexia in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: impact on survival and outcome. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(6):827-33. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.804580.
  • 12. Latenstein AEJ, Dijksterhuis WPM, Mackay TM; Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group. Cachexia, dietetic consultation, and survival in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer: A multicenter cohort study. Cancer Med. 2020;9(24):9385-95. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3556.
  • 13. Artinyan A, Soriano PA, Prendergast C, Low T, Ellenhorn JD, Kim J. The anatomic location of pancreatic cancer is a prognostic factor for survival. HPB (Oxford). 2008;10(5):371-6. doi: 10.1080/13651820802291233.
  • 14. Ekeblad S, Skogseid B, Dunder K, Öberg K, Eriksson B. Prognostic factors and survival in 324 patients with pancreatic endocrine tumor treated at a single institution. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(23):7798-803. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0734.
  • 15. Park JK, Yoon YB, Kim YT, et al. Survival and prognostic factors of unresectable pancreatic cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(1):86-91. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225657.30803.9d.
  • 16. Dai WF, Beca J, Guo H, et al. Are population-based patient-reported outcomes associated with overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer? Cancer Med. 2020;9(1):215-24. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2704.
  • 17. Taş F, Sen F, Odabaş H, et al. Performance status of patients is the major prognostic factor at all stages of pancreatic cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2013;18(5):839-46. doi:10.1007/s10147-012-0474-9.
  • 18. Önal Ö, Yılmaz SD, Eroğlu HN, Eroğlu İ, Koçer M. Survival analysis and factors affecting survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Med Sci Discov. 2020;7(2):412-8. doi:10.36472/msd.v7i2.352.
  • 19. Peixoto RDA, Speers C, McGahan CE, et al. Prognostic factors and sites of metastasis in unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med. 2015;4(8):1171-7. doi: 10.1002/cam4.459.
  • 20. Shah UA, Saif MW. Tumor markers in pancreatic cancer: 2013. JOP. 2013;14(4):318-21. doi: 10.6092/1590-8577/1653.
  • 21. Robert M, Jarlier M, Gourgou S, et al. Retrospective analysis of CA19-9 decrease in patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma treated with FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine in a randomized phase III study (ACCORD11/PRODIGE4). Oncology. 2017;93(6):367-76. doi: 10.1159/000477850.
  • 22. Kou T, Kanai M, Yamamoto M, et al. Prognostic model for survival based on readily available pretreatment factors in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol. 2016;21(1):118-25. doi: 10.1007/s10147-015-0864-x.
  • 23. Fernandez-del Castillo C, Jimenez RE, Savarese DMF. Epidemiology and nonfamilial risk factors for exocrine pancreatic cancer. In: UpToDate. 2017:115.
  • 24. Sinn M, Striefler JK, Sinn BV, et al. Does long-term survival in patients with pancreatic cancer really exist? Results from the CONKO-001 study. J Surg Oncol. 2013;108(6):398-402. doi: 10.1002/jso.23409.
  • 25. Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, et al Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res.2014;74(11):2913-21. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0155.
  • 26. Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al; Groupe Tumeurs Digestives of Unicancer; PRODIGE Intergroup. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1817-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1011923.
  • 27. Conroy T, Hammel P, Hebbar M, et al; Canadian Cancer Trials Group and the Unicancer-GI–PRODIGE Group. FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2395-406. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1809775.
  • 28. Moss AC, Morris E, Mac Mathuna P. Palliative biliary stents for obstructing pancreatic carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2006(2):CD004200. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004200.pub4.
  • 29. Macías N, Sayagués JM, Esteban C, et al. Histologic tumor grade and preoperative biliary drainage are the unique independent prognostic factors of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(2):e11-e17. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000793.

Pankreas kanseri tanılı hastaların demografik verileri, klinik özellikleri ve sağkalım açısından retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2026, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 147 - 158, 20.02.2026
https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.1717035
https://izlik.org/JA88CD97SM

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu çalışmada, pankreas kanseri tanısı almış hastaların demografik verilerini, klinik özelliklerini ve sağkalım sürelerini analiz etmeyi amaçladık. Aynı zamanda, pankreatik nöroendokrin tümör tanısı almış hastalar da ayrı bir grup olarak çalışmaya dahil edilerek benzer analizler bu olgu grubu için de yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, 1 Ocak 2011 ile 1 Haziran 2020 tarihleri arasında Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi’nde pankreas kanseri tanısıyla takip edilen 169 hastanın dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik verileri, klinik özellikleri, genel sağkalım ve progresyonsuz sağkalım süreleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 169 hasta dahil edildi; bunların 69’u (%40,8) kadın, 100’ü (%59,2) erkekti. Tanı anındaki ortalama yaş 60.78 yıl olarak bulundu. Ortanca sağkalım süresi 11 ay, progresyonsuz sağkalım süresi ise 6 ay olarak saptandı. Hastaların 152’sine (%89,9) pankreas kanseri, 17’sine (%10,1) ise pankreatik nöroendokrin tümör tanısı konulmuştu. Pankreas kanseri hastalarında genel sağkalım süresi 10 ay, progresyonsuz sağkalım süresi 6 ay iken; pankreatik nöroendokrin tümör hastalarında genel sağkalım 39 ay, progresyonsuz sağkalım 30 ay olarak bulundu. Hem pankreas kanseri hem de pankreatik nöroendokrin tümör hastalarında, ECOG performans durumu, vücut kitle indeksi, TNM evresi, cerrahi uygulanması ve radyoterapi alımı, sağkalım ve progresyonsuz sağkalım süreleriyle anlamlı şekilde ilişkili bulundu. Buna karşılık, sadece pankreas kanseri tanılı hastalarda karbonhidrat antijeni 19-9 düzeyleri ile lenf nodu, akciğer, karaciğer ve periton metastazlarının varlığı, sağkalım ve progresyonsuz sağkalım süreleri ile anlamlı şekilde ilişkiliydi. Alkol ve sigara kullanımı, tümör boyutu ve lokalizasyonu, kemoterapi alımı ve stent yerleştirilmesi, her iki grupta da sağkalım veya progresyonsuz sağkalım sürelerinde anlamlı bir fark göstermedi. Sonuç: Sağkalım ve progresyonsuz sağkalım süreleri, pankreatik nöroendokrin tümör hastalarına kıyasla pankreas kanseri hastalarında anlamlı derecede daha kötü saptandı. Literatürle uyumlu olarak, pankreas kanseri olgularında ileri tümör, nod, metaztaz evresi, kötü ECOG performans durumu ve tanı anında periton metastazı varlığı, hem sağkalım hem de progresyonsuz sağkalım üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olumsuz etkiye sahipti. Bu hastalarda tanı anında lenf nodu metastazı varlığı ve yüksek karbonhidrat antijeni 19-9 düzeylerinin sadece sağkalım üzerinde olumsuz etkisi olduğu belirlendi. Bazı çalışmalarda biliyer dekompresyonun pankreas kanseri hastalarında genel sağkalım avantajı sağladığı bildirilmiş olsa da, bizim çalışmamızda biliyer dekompresyonun sağkalım üzerine herhangi bir etkisi saptanmadı.

Etik Beyan

Çalışma öncesinde Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Etik Kurulu tarafından çalışmanın yapılmasında tıbbi etik açısından sakınca olmadığına dair 24/06/2020 tarihli 2020/13 sayılı etik kurul toplantı kararı ile etik kurul onayı alınmıştır

Kaynakça

  • 1. Turkish Statistical Institute. Cause of Death Statistics, 2018. Published 2019. Accessed December 2024. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Olum-Nedeni-Istatistikleri-2018-30626
  • 2. Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2024. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74(1):12-49. doi:10.3322/caac.21820
  • 3. Shimm DS. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 2009;74(3):974.
  • 4. Bosetti C, Bertuccio P, Negri E, et al. Pancreatic cancer: overview of descriptive epidemiology. Mol Carcinog. 2012;51(1):3-13. doi: 10.1002/mc.20785.
  • 5. Zhang YH, Zhang CW, Hu ZM, Hong DF. Pancreatic cancer: open or minimally invasive surgery? World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22(32):7301-7310. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i32.7301.
  • 6. Asbun HJ, Stauffer JA. Laparoscopic vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy: overall outcomes and severity of complications using the Accordion Severity Grading System. J Am Coll Surg. 2012;215(6):810-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.08.006.
  • 7. Kimura Y, Hirata K, Mukaiya M, et al. Hand-assisted laparoscopic pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreas head disease. Am J Surg. 2005;189(6):734-7. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.03.017.
  • 8. Sun H, Ma H, Hong G, Sun H, Wang J. Survival improvement in patients with pancreatic cancer by decade: a period analysis of the SEER database, 1981–2010. Sci Rep. 2014:4:6747. doi: 10.1038/srep06747.
  • 9. Çetin Ş, Dede İ. Prognostic factors in pancreatic cancer. Med J SDU. 2019;26(1):30-4. Doi: 10.17343/sdutfd.424067.
  • 10. Chu QD, Hill HC, Douglass HO, et al. Predictive factors associated with long-term survival in patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. Ann Surg Oncol. 2002;9(9):855-62. doi: 10.1007/BF02557521.
  • 11. Bachmann J, Büchler MW, Friess H, Martignoni ME. Cachexia in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer: impact on survival and outcome. Nutr Cancer. 2013;65(6):827-33. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2013.804580.
  • 12. Latenstein AEJ, Dijksterhuis WPM, Mackay TM; Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group. Cachexia, dietetic consultation, and survival in patients with pancreatic and periampullary cancer: A multicenter cohort study. Cancer Med. 2020;9(24):9385-95. doi: 10.1002/cam4.3556.
  • 13. Artinyan A, Soriano PA, Prendergast C, Low T, Ellenhorn JD, Kim J. The anatomic location of pancreatic cancer is a prognostic factor for survival. HPB (Oxford). 2008;10(5):371-6. doi: 10.1080/13651820802291233.
  • 14. Ekeblad S, Skogseid B, Dunder K, Öberg K, Eriksson B. Prognostic factors and survival in 324 patients with pancreatic endocrine tumor treated at a single institution. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(23):7798-803. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0734.
  • 15. Park JK, Yoon YB, Kim YT, et al. Survival and prognostic factors of unresectable pancreatic cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;42(1):86-91. doi: 10.1097/01.mcg.0000225657.30803.9d.
  • 16. Dai WF, Beca J, Guo H, et al. Are population-based patient-reported outcomes associated with overall survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer? Cancer Med. 2020;9(1):215-24. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2704.
  • 17. Taş F, Sen F, Odabaş H, et al. Performance status of patients is the major prognostic factor at all stages of pancreatic cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2013;18(5):839-46. doi:10.1007/s10147-012-0474-9.
  • 18. Önal Ö, Yılmaz SD, Eroğlu HN, Eroğlu İ, Koçer M. Survival analysis and factors affecting survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Med Sci Discov. 2020;7(2):412-8. doi:10.36472/msd.v7i2.352.
  • 19. Peixoto RDA, Speers C, McGahan CE, et al. Prognostic factors and sites of metastasis in unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Cancer Med. 2015;4(8):1171-7. doi: 10.1002/cam4.459.
  • 20. Shah UA, Saif MW. Tumor markers in pancreatic cancer: 2013. JOP. 2013;14(4):318-21. doi: 10.6092/1590-8577/1653.
  • 21. Robert M, Jarlier M, Gourgou S, et al. Retrospective analysis of CA19-9 decrease in patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma treated with FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine in a randomized phase III study (ACCORD11/PRODIGE4). Oncology. 2017;93(6):367-76. doi: 10.1159/000477850.
  • 22. Kou T, Kanai M, Yamamoto M, et al. Prognostic model for survival based on readily available pretreatment factors in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer receiving palliative chemotherapy. Int J Clin Oncol. 2016;21(1):118-25. doi: 10.1007/s10147-015-0864-x.
  • 23. Fernandez-del Castillo C, Jimenez RE, Savarese DMF. Epidemiology and nonfamilial risk factors for exocrine pancreatic cancer. In: UpToDate. 2017:115.
  • 24. Sinn M, Striefler JK, Sinn BV, et al. Does long-term survival in patients with pancreatic cancer really exist? Results from the CONKO-001 study. J Surg Oncol. 2013;108(6):398-402. doi: 10.1002/jso.23409.
  • 25. Rahib L, Smith BD, Aizenberg R, et al Projecting cancer incidence and deaths to 2030: the unexpected burden of thyroid, liver, and pancreas cancers in the United States. Cancer Res.2014;74(11):2913-21. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-0155.
  • 26. Conroy T, Desseigne F, Ychou M, et al; Groupe Tumeurs Digestives of Unicancer; PRODIGE Intergroup. FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine for metastatic pancreatic cancer. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(19):1817-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1011923.
  • 27. Conroy T, Hammel P, Hebbar M, et al; Canadian Cancer Trials Group and the Unicancer-GI–PRODIGE Group. FOLFIRINOX or Gemcitabine as Adjuvant Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(25):2395-406. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1809775.
  • 28. Moss AC, Morris E, Mac Mathuna P. Palliative biliary stents for obstructing pancreatic carcinoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;2006(2):CD004200. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004200.pub4.
  • 29. Macías N, Sayagués JM, Esteban C, et al. Histologic tumor grade and preoperative biliary drainage are the unique independent prognostic factors of survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018;52(2):e11-e17. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000000793.
Toplam 29 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Gastroenteroloji ve Hepatoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Halit Kandemir 0009-0007-9936-5091

Yücel Üstündağ

Gönderilme Tarihi 10 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 9 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Şubat 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.1717035
IZ https://izlik.org/JA88CD97SM
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Kandemir, H., & Üstündağ, Y. (2026). Retrospective evaluation of demographic data, clinical features and survival of patients with pancreatic cancer. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi, 24(3), 147-158. https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.1717035