Öz
Friedrich Nietzsche is an important philosophical figure of the contemporary times. Starting from his early philosophical career, he has created enormous effects on different branches of philosophy. His philosophical enterprise is generally overshadowed by his argument that “God is dead.” However, one can see many other interesting and lively problems posed by him, which happened valuable contributions to the history of philosophy. This study tries to give a general picture of some of his ontological and epistemological understandings. The general framework of the discussions made within the study is constituted by his approach to the problem of being and becoming. The problem of being and becoming, obviously, refers to one of the most discussed distinctions by many philosophers. It has its origin within the pre-Socratic period of antiquity. To supply a historical background for the discussions on the matter, a concise description of the ancient approaches within this regard has been given. Nietzschean subjectivism is analyzed, in this study, within the terms of his perspectivism. For him, every experience is personal, and, therefore, refers to partial grasp of appearance. He argues that there can be no difference between appearance and reality, and, that appearance is the unique reality. Such a difference would lead men to turn a blind eye to their creative mission, and, therefore, open the way to conceptions of predetermined life, a life that is a closed system and accepts no interference. This kind of life is unacceptable for Nietzsche the philosopher of life.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Nietzsche subjectivity will to power Pre-Socratics being and becoming
Kaynakça
- Berkeley, George. Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. Edited by Colin M. Turbayne. New York: MacMilan, 1988. Berkeley, George. A Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. Edited by Howard Robinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Kranz. Walther. Antik Felsefe. Translated by Suat Baydur. İstanbul: Cinius-Sosyal Yayınları, 2014. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. Edited by Rolf-Peter Horstmann and translated by Judith Norman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks. Translated by Marianne Cowan. Washington D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1998. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Will to Power. Translated by Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale. Edited by Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage, Later Printing, 1967. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Twilight of the idols. In The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist. Translated, with an introduction and commentary, by R. J. Hollingdale. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1968. Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morality. Translated by Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage Books, 1967. Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Gay Science. Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Antichrist. In The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist. Translated, with an introduction and commentary by R. J. Hollingdale. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1968. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Human All too Human. Translated by R.J. Hollingdale. Introduction by Erich Heller. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Preus, Anthony. Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy. New York: Longman&Littlefield, 2015. Stern, Joseph Peter. A Study of Nietzsche. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Spinks, Lee. Friedrich Nietzsche. New York: Routledge, 2003. Vattimo, Gianni. Nietzsche: An Introduction. Translated by Nicholas Martin. London: Athlone, 2002. Waterfield, Robin. The First Philosophers: The Presocratics and Sophists. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000.
Öz
Friedrich Nietzsche çağdaş dönemin en önemli felsefî figürlerinden biridir. O, düşünsel kariyerinin başından itibaren farklı felsefî disiplinler üzerinde dikkate değer etkiler yaratmıştır. Nietzsche’nin felsefî düşüncesi genellikle “Tanrı öldü” yönündeki iddiasının gölgesi altında kalmıştır. Fakat onun ortaya attığı ve felsefe tarihine yapılmış son derece kıymetli birer katkı olarak görülebilecek ilginç ve canlı problemlerin olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makale Nietzsche’nin bazı ontolojik ve epistemolojik yaklaşımlarına dair genel bir tasvir sunmaya çalışmaktadır. Makalede yürütülen tartışmaların genel çerçevesini onun varlık ve oluş problemini ele alış biçimi belirlemiştir. Varlık ve oluş problemi filozoflar tarafından çokça tartışılmış ayrımlardan birine işaret etmektedir. Bu problemin kökleri Sokrates öncesi döneme kadar uzanmaktadır. Mevzu hakkında tarihsel bir zemin sunabilmek bakımından çalışmamızda söz konusu probleme yönelik antik yaklaşımlardan da kısaca bahsedilmiştir. Çalışmamız Nietzscheci sübjektivizmi onun perspektivizmi doğrultusunda tahlil etmektedir. Nietzsche’ye göre, her tecrübe kişiseldir ve bu nedenle de görünüşü yalnızca kısmî bir şekilde kavrar. O, görünüş ve gerçeklik arasında herhangi bir ayrım yapılamayacağını, görünüşün tek gerçeklik olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Böylesi bir ayrım, Nietzsche’ye göre, insanları kendi yaratıcı misyonlarına kulak tıkamaya sev keder ve böylece önceden belirlenmiş, kendi içine kapalı ve müdahale kabul etmeyen yaşam anlayışlarına kapı aralar. Bu tür bir yaşam, bir yaşam filozofu olarak Nietzsche tarafından benimsenebilir değildir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Nietzsche sübjektivite güç istenci varlık ve oluş Pre-Sokratikler
Kaynakça
- Berkeley, George. Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. Edited by Colin M. Turbayne. New York: MacMilan, 1988. Berkeley, George. A Treatise concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge. Edited by Howard Robinson. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Kranz. Walther. Antik Felsefe. Translated by Suat Baydur. İstanbul: Cinius-Sosyal Yayınları, 2014. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future. Edited by Rolf-Peter Horstmann and translated by Judith Norman. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks. Translated by Marianne Cowan. Washington D.C.: Regnery Gateway, 1998. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Will to Power. Translated by Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale. Edited by Walter Kaufmann. New York: Vintage, Later Printing, 1967. Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Twilight of the idols. In The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist. Translated, with an introduction and commentary, by R. J. Hollingdale. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1968. Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morality. Translated by Walter Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale. New York: Vintage Books, 1967. Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Gay Science. Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Antichrist. In The Twilight of the Idols and The Antichrist. Translated, with an introduction and commentary by R. J. Hollingdale. Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1968. Nietzsche, Friedrich. Human All too Human. Translated by R.J. Hollingdale. Introduction by Erich Heller. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Preus, Anthony. Historical Dictionary of Ancient Greek Philosophy. New York: Longman&Littlefield, 2015. Stern, Joseph Peter. A Study of Nietzsche. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981. Spinks, Lee. Friedrich Nietzsche. New York: Routledge, 2003. Vattimo, Gianni. Nietzsche: An Introduction. Translated by Nicholas Martin. London: Athlone, 2002. Waterfield, Robin. The First Philosophers: The Presocratics and Sophists. New York: Oxford University Press. 2000.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Sayı: 6 |