Effect of Altitude on Cold Damage and Phenophase Durations in cv. Karaerik

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 56 Sayı: 2, 164 - 173, 29.05.2025

Uzeyir Özoğul , Muhammed Küpe

https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1625521

Öz

Karaerik, the only standard table grape variety of Erzincan, distinguishes itself from other grape varieties with its training system and unique taste. This variety, which has a high commercial value, is also a natural heritage and is an important example of Türkiye in terms of sustainable viticulture. In Erzincan Üzümlü district, where Karaerik grape cultivation is widespread, the vineyards are located between 1150 m and 1650 m altitude. In this study, the damage levels caused by low winter frosts in vineyards at different altitudes and the effectiveness of the methods used to determine these damage levels were investigated. In addition, the phenophase stages of the grapevines that occur between the pruning and harvest periods depending on the altitude were determined. Within the scope of the study, frost damage in Karaerik vineyards located at 1200 m, 1300 m, 1400 m and 1500 m altitudes throughout the district was determined by cross sectioning, shooting and real-time shooting methods and tests, and it was revealed to what extent the sectioning and shooting methods and damage detection confirmed real-time shooting. In all of the methods used, it was determined that the most frost damage occurred in the bottom buds (first 3 buds) of the vineyard at an altitude of 1200 m, and in terms of bud type, the damage in the primary buds was greater than the secondary and tertiary buds. The cross sectioning method confirmed 83.02% of real-time shooting test, while the shooting method confirmed 93.06%. The number of days between pruning-bud break, bud break-full bloom, full bloom-veraison, veraison and beginning of harvest increased from 1200 m altitude to 1500 m altitude. Taking the altitude factor into account in cultural processes in Karaerik vineyards will both increase the sustainability of local viticulture and carry a genetic heritage to future generations.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Altitude , Cold damage , Karaerik , Phenophase

Karaerik Üzüm Çeşidinde Rakımın Soğuk Zararı ve Fenofaz Üzerine Etkisi

Öz

Erzincan’ın tek standart sofralık üzüm çeşidi olan Karaerik; terbiye sistemi ve eşsiz tadı ile diğer üzüm çeşitlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Ticari değeri yüksek olan bu çeşit aynı zamanda doğal bir miras niteliğinde olup sürdürülebilir bağcılık açısından Türkiye’nin önemli örneklerindendir. Karaerik üzüm yetiştiriciliğinin yaygın olarak yapıldığı Erzincan’ın Üzümlü ilçesinde bağlar 1150 m ile 1650 m rakımları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada, farklı rakımlarda kış donlarının bağlarda meydana getirdiği hasar düzeyleri ve bu hasar düzeylerini belirlerken kullanılan yöntemlerin etkinliği incelenmiştir. Ayrıca asmaların budama ile hasat dönemleri arasında rakıma bağlı olarak gerçekleşen fenofaz evreleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında İlçe genelinde 1200 m, 1300 m, 1400 m ve 1500 m rakımda bulunan Karaerik üzüm bağlarındaki don zararı kesit alma, sürdürme ve gerçek zamanlı sürme yöntem ve testleri ile belirlenmiş, kesit alma ve sürdürme yöntemleri ile hasar tespitinin gerçek zamanlı sürmeyi hangi oranda doğruladığı ortaya koyulmuştur. Kullanılan yöntemlerin tamamında en fazla don zararının 1200 m rakımdaki bağın dip gözlerinde (ilk 3 göz) gerçekleştiği ayrıca tomurcuk tipi bakımından primer tomurcuklarda meydana gelen zararın sekonder ve tersiyer tomurcuklardan daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kesit alma yöntemi %83,02, sürdürme yöntemi ise %93,06 oranında gerçek zamanlı sürme sayımını doğrulamıştır. Budama-gözlerin uyanması, uyanma-tam çiçeklenme, tam çiçeklenme-ben düşme, ben düşme ve hasat başlangıcı arasında geçen gün sayısı 1200 m rakımdan 1500 m rakıma doğru artış göstermiştir. Karaerik üzüm bağlarında kültürel işlemlerde rakım faktörünün dikkate alınması, hem yöre bağcılığının sürdürülebilirliğini artıracak hemde genetik bir mirası gelecek nesillere taşıyacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rakım , Soğuk zararı , Karaerik , Fenofaz

Kaynakça

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