BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Karşılaştırmalı Hukukta Ulusal İnsan Hakları Kurum Modelleri ve Türkiye’deki Durum

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 165 - 198, 01.07.2011

Öz

Ulusal insan hakları kurumları kavramı, her ülke kapsamında kendine özgü adı ne olursa olsun, uluslararası standartlara uygunluğu gösteren akreditasyon işlemini yaptırmış, ulusal kurumlar için kullanılmaktadır. Akreditasyon işlemine başvurarak ulusal insan hakları kurumu niteliğini kazanmış birçok ombudsmanlık ve komisyon modeli kurum bulunmaktadır. Ülkelere kurumsal modelleri seçme yönünde geniş bir takdir yetkisi tanınmış olmakla birlikte, tercih edilen modele uygun olarak uluslararası standartların sağlanması beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın konusu, uluslar arası standartlara uygun hangi modellerde ulusal insan hakları kurumları bulunduğu, ülkelerin kurum tercihini belirleyen faktörlerin neler olduğu ve Türkiye için nasıl bir kurumsal yapılanma tercih edilmesi gerektiği üzerinde durulacaktır

Kaynakça

  • Act governing the Establishment of the Danish Centre for International Studies and Human Rights, Act no. 411 of 06/06/2002, Chapter 1.
  • Amnesty International’s Recommendations on National Human Rights Institution, National Human Rights Institutions, Amnesty International’s Recommendations for effective protection and promotion of human rights, AI INDEX: IOR 40/007/2001, 1 October 2001
  • Anna-Elina Pohjolainen, The Evolution of National Human Rights Institutions The Role of the United Nations, The Danish Institute for Human Rights, Copenhagen, Denmark, January 2006
  • Canada Human Rights Act 1985, Part II, Human Rights Commission.
  • Canadian Human Rights Commission, Human Rights Commission and Public Policy: The Role of the Canadian Human Rights Commission in Advancing Sexual Orientation Equality Rights in Canada, Prepared by Annette Nierobitsz, Mark Searl, Charles, Thêroux, 2008.
  • Chart of The Status of National Institutions, Accredited by The International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Accreditation status as of 2 June 2009.
  • Chart of The Status of National Institutions, Accredited by The International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Accreditation status as of June 2010.
  • Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, CommDH/ Omb-NHRI (2007) 1 Rev 3, “Effective Protection of Human Rights in Europe: Enhanced Co-operation between Ombudsman, National Human Rights Institution and the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights”, Athens, 12-13 April 2007.
  • Commonwealth Secretariat, National Human Rights Institutions, Best Practice, 2001.
  • Disability Right Commission, Annual Report and Accounts, April to September 2007, s.4-5.
  • Equal Opportunities Commission, Annual Report & Accounts, April to September 2007.
  • Equality and Human Rights Commission, Corporate Governance Code of Practice and Conduct For The Chair And Committee Members of Equality and Human Rights Commission, The Commission Board Governance Framework, February 2007.
  • Gauthier de Beco, “National Human Rights Institutions in Europe” Human Rights Law Review, 7:2, 2007, 331-370.
  • General Assembly, National Institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, Report of the Secretary-General, A/48/340, 23 September 1993.
  • Gonzalo Elizondo and Irene Aguilar, “The Ombudsman Institution in Latin America: Minimum Standards for its Existence”, National Human Rights Institutions, Articles and working papers, Edited by Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, Kristine Yigen, The Danish Centre for Human Rights, s. 209-222.
  • International Council on Human Rights Policy, Assessing the Effectiveness of National Human Rights Institutions, Versoix, Switzerland, 2005.
  • International Council on Human Rights Policy, Performance & Legitimacy: National Human Rights Institutions, Versoix, Switzerland, 2000.
  • Jeong-Woo Koo/Francisco O. Ramirez, “ National Incorporation of Global Human Rights: Worldwide Expansion of National Human Rights Institutions, 1966-2004, Social Forces 87/3, March 2009, s.1321-1354.
  • Leafl et German Institute for Human Rights, http://www.institut-fuermenschenrechte.de/en/about-us/mandate.html, 08.10.2010.
  • Lessons from National Human Rights Institutions Around the World for State and Local Human Rights Commissions in the United States, Prepared by Shubhankar Dam for the Executive Session on Human Rights Commissions and Criminal Justice Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, August 2007, p. 1. Executive Session Papers, Human Rights Commission and Criminal Justice, Marea L. Beeman (Series Editor)
  • Linda C. Reif, “Building Democratic Institutions: The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in Good Governance and Human Rights Protection”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol.13, 2000, s. 12-13.
  • Michael Dodson, Donal Jackson, “Horizontal Accountability in Transitional Democracies: The Human Right Ombudsman in El Salvador and Guatemala, Latin American Politics and Society, 46/4.
  • Morten Kjaerum, National Human Rights Institution Implementing Human Rights, Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark 2003.
  • Mu’taz Qafi sheh, Defi ning the Role of National Human Rights Institutions With Regard to the United Nations, Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Legan Report Series (36).
  • National Consultative Commission on Human Rights, Diplomacy and Human Rights, (Opinion adopted by the Plenary Assembly on February 7th 2008, the creation of “French Institute for Human Rights”. National Human Rights Institutions, Confl ict Management and Peace building in Africa, Le Vendôme Hotel, Sea Point, Cape Town, 29 November – 3 December 2004, Facilitators: Victoria Maloka and Michelle Parlevliet Centre for Confl ict Resolution, Technical Seminar Report, Rapporteurs: Ghalib Galant and Victoria Maloka
  • Offi ce of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Handbook on National Human Rights Plan of Action, Professional Training Series No. 10, United Nations, New York And Geneva, 29 August 2002
  • Offi ce of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Handbook for National Human Rights Institutions, Professional Training Series No. 12, United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2005.
  • Peter Vedel Kessing, “Implementation of The Western Ombudsman Model In Countries In Democratic Transition”, National Human Rights Institutions, Edited by Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, Kristine Yigen, The Danish Centre for Human Rights, Denmark, 2001, s. 121-142.
  • Rachel Murray, The Role of National Human Rights Institutions at the International and Regional Levels: The Experience of Africa, Oxford And Portland, Oregon, 2007
  • The Australian Human Rights Act 1986, Act No. 125 see. http://www.hreoc. gov.au/about/president_commissioners/index.html, 07.10.2010.
  • The Australian Human Rights Centre, National Human Rights Institutions: An Overview of the Asia Pacifi c Region, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 7: 207-278, 2000
  • The Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, 8th Round Table of European Ombudsmen, Oslo, 3-5 November 2003 Final Document adopted by the ombudsmen of Council of Europe member States in conclusion of the Round Table Round Table organised jointly by the Norwegian Ombudsman and the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, CommDH/OMB (2003) 24, Strasbourg, 5 November 2003.
  • The Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, The Role of the Ombudsman in States Governed by the Rule of Law, CommDH(2004)16, Strasbourg, 10 May 2004.
  • The Danish Centre for Human Rights, National Human Rights Institutions: Articles and working papers, Edited by Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, KristineYigen, Denmark, 2001.
  • United Nation, Fact Sheet No. 19, National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, April 1993.
  • United Nations General Assembly, The Role of the Ombudsman, mediator and other national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights, A/RES/63/169, 20 March 2009; A/RES/63/172, 20 March 2009; A/RES/64/161, 12 March 2010.
  • United Nations, National Human Rights Institutions, A Handbook on the Establishment and Strengthening of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Professional Training Series No. 4, New York and Geneva, 1995.
  • Victor O. Ayeni, “Ombudsman as a Human Rights Institutions: A New Face of a Global Expansion”, s. 3.
  • Yunseon Heo, National Human Rights Institutions in the Asia-Pacifi c Region: Assessment and Prospect, Graduate School, University of Seoul, Seoul, 2000; International Council on Human Rights Policy, Performance & Legitimacy: National Human Rights Institutions, Geneva, 2000.
  • http://www.barnombudsmannen.se/Adfi nity.aspx?pageid=85
  • http://www.cncdh.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=132
  • http://www.defensordelpueblo.es/web_ingles/index. asp?destino=todosobredefensor.asp
  • http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/about-us/vision-and-mission/annualreports/previous-commissions-annual-reports/
  • http://www.humanrights.dk/about+us
  • http://www.institut-fuer-menschenrechte.de/en/about-us/mandate.html
  • http://www.jo.se/Page.aspx?MenuId=12&ObjectClass=DynamX_ Documents&Language=en
  • http://www.jus.uio.no/smr/english/
  • http://www.law.ualberta.ca/centres/ioi/About-the-I.O.I./Concept-andİnstitution.php
  • http://www.nchr.gr/category.php?category_id=121
  • http://www.nhri.net/2009/Chart%20of%20the%20Status%20of%20NIs%20 _2%20June%202009__fi nal.pdf.
  • http://www.nhri.net/NationaldataListPrint.asp?MODE=1&ID=1
  • http://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/atyourservice/regionalombudsmen.faces
  • http://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/resources/strategy.faces#hl1
  • http://www.un.org/en/ombudsman/help.shtml

NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 165 - 198, 01.07.2011

Öz

Regardless of its specifi c title in each country, the concept of national human rights institutions is used for the national institutions, which have made the accreditation demonstrating the compliance with the international standards. Having applied to the accreditation procedures, there are many institutions that acquired the quality of national human rights institution as ombudsman and commission model. Although dressed with a wide authorization to choose the institutional models the countries are expected to meet the international standards in line with the model chosen. The subject of this study will be to examine in which models compliant to the international standards national human rights institutions exist, what are the factors taken into consideration by the countries to determine the institution choice and what sort of an institutional structure must be preferred for Turkey

Kaynakça

  • Act governing the Establishment of the Danish Centre for International Studies and Human Rights, Act no. 411 of 06/06/2002, Chapter 1.
  • Amnesty International’s Recommendations on National Human Rights Institution, National Human Rights Institutions, Amnesty International’s Recommendations for effective protection and promotion of human rights, AI INDEX: IOR 40/007/2001, 1 October 2001
  • Anna-Elina Pohjolainen, The Evolution of National Human Rights Institutions The Role of the United Nations, The Danish Institute for Human Rights, Copenhagen, Denmark, January 2006
  • Canada Human Rights Act 1985, Part II, Human Rights Commission.
  • Canadian Human Rights Commission, Human Rights Commission and Public Policy: The Role of the Canadian Human Rights Commission in Advancing Sexual Orientation Equality Rights in Canada, Prepared by Annette Nierobitsz, Mark Searl, Charles, Thêroux, 2008.
  • Chart of The Status of National Institutions, Accredited by The International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Accreditation status as of 2 June 2009.
  • Chart of The Status of National Institutions, Accredited by The International Coordinating Committee of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Accreditation status as of June 2010.
  • Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, CommDH/ Omb-NHRI (2007) 1 Rev 3, “Effective Protection of Human Rights in Europe: Enhanced Co-operation between Ombudsman, National Human Rights Institution and the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights”, Athens, 12-13 April 2007.
  • Commonwealth Secretariat, National Human Rights Institutions, Best Practice, 2001.
  • Disability Right Commission, Annual Report and Accounts, April to September 2007, s.4-5.
  • Equal Opportunities Commission, Annual Report & Accounts, April to September 2007.
  • Equality and Human Rights Commission, Corporate Governance Code of Practice and Conduct For The Chair And Committee Members of Equality and Human Rights Commission, The Commission Board Governance Framework, February 2007.
  • Gauthier de Beco, “National Human Rights Institutions in Europe” Human Rights Law Review, 7:2, 2007, 331-370.
  • General Assembly, National Institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights, Report of the Secretary-General, A/48/340, 23 September 1993.
  • Gonzalo Elizondo and Irene Aguilar, “The Ombudsman Institution in Latin America: Minimum Standards for its Existence”, National Human Rights Institutions, Articles and working papers, Edited by Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, Kristine Yigen, The Danish Centre for Human Rights, s. 209-222.
  • International Council on Human Rights Policy, Assessing the Effectiveness of National Human Rights Institutions, Versoix, Switzerland, 2005.
  • International Council on Human Rights Policy, Performance & Legitimacy: National Human Rights Institutions, Versoix, Switzerland, 2000.
  • Jeong-Woo Koo/Francisco O. Ramirez, “ National Incorporation of Global Human Rights: Worldwide Expansion of National Human Rights Institutions, 1966-2004, Social Forces 87/3, March 2009, s.1321-1354.
  • Leafl et German Institute for Human Rights, http://www.institut-fuermenschenrechte.de/en/about-us/mandate.html, 08.10.2010.
  • Lessons from National Human Rights Institutions Around the World for State and Local Human Rights Commissions in the United States, Prepared by Shubhankar Dam for the Executive Session on Human Rights Commissions and Criminal Justice Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, August 2007, p. 1. Executive Session Papers, Human Rights Commission and Criminal Justice, Marea L. Beeman (Series Editor)
  • Linda C. Reif, “Building Democratic Institutions: The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in Good Governance and Human Rights Protection”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol.13, 2000, s. 12-13.
  • Michael Dodson, Donal Jackson, “Horizontal Accountability in Transitional Democracies: The Human Right Ombudsman in El Salvador and Guatemala, Latin American Politics and Society, 46/4.
  • Morten Kjaerum, National Human Rights Institution Implementing Human Rights, Danish Institute for Human Rights, Denmark 2003.
  • Mu’taz Qafi sheh, Defi ning the Role of National Human Rights Institutions With Regard to the United Nations, Institute of International Studies, Geneva, Legan Report Series (36).
  • National Consultative Commission on Human Rights, Diplomacy and Human Rights, (Opinion adopted by the Plenary Assembly on February 7th 2008, the creation of “French Institute for Human Rights”. National Human Rights Institutions, Confl ict Management and Peace building in Africa, Le Vendôme Hotel, Sea Point, Cape Town, 29 November – 3 December 2004, Facilitators: Victoria Maloka and Michelle Parlevliet Centre for Confl ict Resolution, Technical Seminar Report, Rapporteurs: Ghalib Galant and Victoria Maloka
  • Offi ce of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Handbook on National Human Rights Plan of Action, Professional Training Series No. 10, United Nations, New York And Geneva, 29 August 2002
  • Offi ce of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Handbook for National Human Rights Institutions, Professional Training Series No. 12, United Nations, New York and Geneva, 2005.
  • Peter Vedel Kessing, “Implementation of The Western Ombudsman Model In Countries In Democratic Transition”, National Human Rights Institutions, Edited by Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, Kristine Yigen, The Danish Centre for Human Rights, Denmark, 2001, s. 121-142.
  • Rachel Murray, The Role of National Human Rights Institutions at the International and Regional Levels: The Experience of Africa, Oxford And Portland, Oregon, 2007
  • The Australian Human Rights Act 1986, Act No. 125 see. http://www.hreoc. gov.au/about/president_commissioners/index.html, 07.10.2010.
  • The Australian Human Rights Centre, National Human Rights Institutions: An Overview of the Asia Pacifi c Region, International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 7: 207-278, 2000
  • The Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, 8th Round Table of European Ombudsmen, Oslo, 3-5 November 2003 Final Document adopted by the ombudsmen of Council of Europe member States in conclusion of the Round Table Round Table organised jointly by the Norwegian Ombudsman and the Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, CommDH/OMB (2003) 24, Strasbourg, 5 November 2003.
  • The Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, The Role of the Ombudsman in States Governed by the Rule of Law, CommDH(2004)16, Strasbourg, 10 May 2004.
  • The Danish Centre for Human Rights, National Human Rights Institutions: Articles and working papers, Edited by Birgit Lindsnaes, Lone Lindholt, KristineYigen, Denmark, 2001.
  • United Nation, Fact Sheet No. 19, National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, April 1993.
  • United Nations General Assembly, The Role of the Ombudsman, mediator and other national human rights institutions in the promotion and protection of human rights, A/RES/63/169, 20 March 2009; A/RES/63/172, 20 March 2009; A/RES/64/161, 12 March 2010.
  • United Nations, National Human Rights Institutions, A Handbook on the Establishment and Strengthening of National Institutions for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Professional Training Series No. 4, New York and Geneva, 1995.
  • Victor O. Ayeni, “Ombudsman as a Human Rights Institutions: A New Face of a Global Expansion”, s. 3.
  • Yunseon Heo, National Human Rights Institutions in the Asia-Pacifi c Region: Assessment and Prospect, Graduate School, University of Seoul, Seoul, 2000; International Council on Human Rights Policy, Performance & Legitimacy: National Human Rights Institutions, Geneva, 2000.
  • http://www.barnombudsmannen.se/Adfi nity.aspx?pageid=85
  • http://www.cncdh.fr/rubrique.php3?id_rubrique=132
  • http://www.defensordelpueblo.es/web_ingles/index. asp?destino=todosobredefensor.asp
  • http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/about-us/vision-and-mission/annualreports/previous-commissions-annual-reports/
  • http://www.humanrights.dk/about+us
  • http://www.institut-fuer-menschenrechte.de/en/about-us/mandate.html
  • http://www.jo.se/Page.aspx?MenuId=12&ObjectClass=DynamX_ Documents&Language=en
  • http://www.jus.uio.no/smr/english/
  • http://www.law.ualberta.ca/centres/ioi/About-the-I.O.I./Concept-andİnstitution.php
  • http://www.nchr.gr/category.php?category_id=121
  • http://www.nhri.net/2009/Chart%20of%20the%20Status%20of%20NIs%20 _2%20June%202009__fi nal.pdf.
  • http://www.nhri.net/NationaldataListPrint.asp?MODE=1&ID=1
  • http://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/atyourservice/regionalombudsmen.faces
  • http://www.ombudsman.europa.eu/resources/strategy.faces#hl1
  • http://www.un.org/en/ombudsman/help.shtml
Toplam 54 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Abdurrahman Eren

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2011
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2011 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Eren, A. (2011). NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(3), 165-198.
AMA Eren A. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY. AHBVÜ-HFD. Temmuz 2011;15(3):165-198.
Chicago Eren, Abdurrahman. “NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 15, sy. 3 (Temmuz 2011): 165-98.
EndNote Eren A (01 Temmuz 2011) NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 15 3 165–198.
IEEE A. Eren, “NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY”, AHBVÜ-HFD, c. 15, sy. 3, ss. 165–198, 2011.
ISNAD Eren, Abdurrahman. “NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 15/3 (Temmuz 2011), 165-198.
JAMA Eren A. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY. AHBVÜ-HFD. 2011;15:165–198.
MLA Eren, Abdurrahman. “NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 3, 2011, ss. 165-98.
Vancouver Eren A. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS INSTITUTIONAL MODELS IN COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE CASE OF TURKEY. AHBVÜ-HFD. 2011;15(3):165-98.