Uluslararası Adalet Divanı'nda Yargı Bağımsızlığı Meselesinin Eleştirel Değerlendirmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3, 175 - 206, 30.07.2024

M. H. Mustafa Bektaş

https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.1418633

Öz

Son yıllarda dünya siyasetine etki eden milliyetçiliğin yükselişi, çok taraflılığa dair şüphelerin artması, Covid-19 salgını ve Rusya-Ukrayna savaşı gibi gelişmeler göz önüne alındığında, uluslararası uyuşmazlıkların barışçıl çözümüne dair incelemelerin daha fazla önem kazandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Uluslararası uyuşmazlık çözüm mekanizmaları böylesine kritik bir dönemde talepleri karşılama ve itibarlarını koruma konusunda yeterli mi? Temelde politik olan ilgili oluşumların oldukça farklı kalması muhtemeldir ki bu, herhangi bir iyileştirici önlem almadan, bu bağlamda yaygın olarak kabul edilen kötü imaj sorunlarını daha da derinleştirebilecek bir gerçektir. Fakat bir yargı organı olarak Uluslararası Adalet Divanı'na (UAD) böyle bir serbestlik tanınması UAD’ın doğasına pek uygun olmayacaktır. UAD üyelerinin kendi ülkelerine olan bağlılıkları nedeniyle tarafsız kalabilmelerine dair endişeleri dile getiren bazı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Nitekim bu, mevcut siyasi ruhun daha da tartışmalı hale getirdiği bir husustur. Bununla birlikte, tüm endişeleri ortadan kaldıracak kapsayıcı bir çözüm mevcut değildir. Mevcut çalışma çeşitli normatif değerlendirmeleri dikkate alıp, bu tür kaygıların UAD kararlarının otoritesini zayıflatabileceğine ilişkin değerlendirmelerde bulunmaktadır. Çalışma daha sonra, UAD'da süregelen yargı bağımsızlığına ilişkin tereddütlerin nasıl anlaşılması gerektiğini ele alıp nasıl aşılabileceği konusunu irdelemeye çalışmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tarafsızlık, UAD, Ulusal çıkarlar, Uluslararası adalet, Uyuşmazlık çözümü

Critical Evaluation Of Judicial Independence Question In The International Court Of Justice

Öz

In view of developments in world politics in recent years, such as an upsurge in nationalism, doubts about multilateralism, the Covid pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, an inquiry concerning the peaceful resolution of international disputes is in order. How capable are international dispute resolution mechanisms of satisfying demands and preserving their reputations at such a critical time? The fundamentally political entities involved are likely to remain very disparate, a fact that can only worsen their widely acknowledged poor image in this respect without instituting any remedial measures. As a judicial body, however, the ICJ would hardly be allowed such latitude. Concerns about the impartiality of ICJ judges have already been expressed on the grounds of their perceived allegiance to their home countries, an issue that the existing political zeitgeist only makes more controversial. No solutions are readily available to alleviate all concerns. The current article takes several normative assessments into consideration, arguing that these can devalue the authority of the ICJ’s judgments. It then provides insight into how to recognise and deal with the persistent problem of judicial independence within the ICJ.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dispute resolution, ICJ, Impartiality, international justice, National interests

Kaynakça

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