The Wall Between The Patient and Their Families; Communication in Intensive Care Units

Öz

Admission to intensive care units is a traumatic event for patient and their family members. Families who cannot cope with the admission of their loved ones to the intensive care unit may experience an emotional crisis and show negative reactions such as shock, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. For this reason, the review study was carried out to summarize the current studies to increase communication between patients and their families in intensive care units. Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science and national databases were searched as of 2012 until February 2022 and studies were determined. Searches were made in English (“communication”, “family”, “ICU”, “nursing”) and Turkish (“aile”, “hemşirelik” “iletişim”, “yoğun bakım ünitesi”) keywords and combinations. As a result of the scans made in accordance with the purpose of the compilation, 10 current articles were reached and their full texts were examined. It was determined that the majority (n=6) of the articles under review were aimed at increasing the communication of patients and their families with virtual technologies. When the study types are examined; it was observed that the most randomized controlled trial design (n:4). As an initiative of studies using this research design; It was determined that he used the model that facilitates communication, interactive mobile technology, web-based communication method and family support intervention. When the results of all studies included in the review are examined; It is reported that 70% of the study population showed improvement in psychological symptoms, and 30% of intensive care patients had shorter hospital stays. Nurses can provide guidance as a way of addressing potential gaps in communication, helping communication run smoothly and families feel their concerns addressed. There is a need for digital-supported studies that make the walls between patients and their families surmountable with today's technology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Family
• Nursing
• Communication
• Intensive Care Unit

Hasta ve Hasta Yakınları Arasındaki Duvar: Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde İletişim

Öz

Yoğun bakım ünitelerine yatış, hasta ve aile üyeleri için travmatik bir olaydır. Sevdiklerinin yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılmasıyla baş edemeyen aileler duygusal bir kriz yaşayabilir; şok, kaygı, depresyon, uyku bozuklukları gibi olumsuz tepkiler gösterebilir. Bakımın iyileştirilmesinde hasta ve hasta yakınları ayrılmaz bir bütündür ve yoğun bakımların yapısı gereği bu ailevi bütün ayrılmak zorunda kalmaktadır. Bu derlemede, yoğun bakım ünitelerinde hasta ve yakınlarında iletişimi arttırmaya yönelik yapılan güncel çalışma sonuçlarının özetlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Pubmed, Science Direct, Web of Science ve ulusal veri tabanları 2012- 2022 yılı Şubat ayı dahil olacak şekilde taranmıştır. Taramalar İngilizce (“communication”, “family”, “ICU”, “nursing”) ve Türkçe dilinde (“aile”, “hemşirelik” “iletişim”, “yoğun bakım ünitesi”) anahtar kelimeleri ve kombinasyonlar ile yapılmıştır. Derleme amacına uygun olarak yapılan taramaların sonucunda 10 güncel makaleye ulaşılmış ve tam metinleri incelenmiştir İnceleme altındaki makalelerin çoğunluğunun (n=6) sanal teknolojiler ile hasta ve ailesinin iletişimini arttırmaya yönelik olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma türleri incelendiğinde ise; en çok randomize kontrollü araştırma deseninin (n:4) olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu araştırma desenini kullanan çalışmaların girişim olarak; iletişimi kolaylaştıran model, etkileşimli mobil teknoloji, web tabanlı iletişim yöntemi ve aile desteği müdahalesini kullandığı saptanmıştır. Derleme kapsamına alınan tüm çalışmaların sonuçları incelendiğinde; %70’inde çalışma popülasyonunda psikolojik semptomlarda iyileşme görüldüğü, %30’unda ise yoğun bakım hastalarının hastanede yatış sürelerinin kısaldığı bildirilmektedir. İletişim, hastalar ve aileleri için kaliteli bakımın önemli bir bileşenidir. İletişimin sorunsuz bir şekilde yürütülmesinde ve ailelerin endişelerinin giderilmesinde hemşireler yardımcı ve yol gösterici olabilir. Hasta ve hasta yakınlarının arasındaki duvarları, günümüz teknolojisiyle aşılabilir kılan dijital destekli yeni çalışmalarla desteklenmesi önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Aile
• Hemşirelik
• İletişim
• Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi

Kaynakça

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