Positivism and Nursing: The Effect of Positivist Paradigm on Nursing Science

Öz

In the development of nursing science, the traces of the positivist paradigm are seen for the first time. The positivist paradigm using the medical model is an approach that focuses on numerical data instead of humanistic values, care, individuals' experiences, feelings and thoughts. On the contrary, the essence of nursing is human, care and human values. The positivist approach leads to the training of nurses who believe that care has only quantitative indicators and based on the medical model. With the postmodern period, researches are carried out with postpositivist paradigms based on care and human instead of positivist paradigm in the field of nursing. In this direction, the restructuring of studies with alternative paradigms will contribute to the science of nursing. In this review article, the effects of the positivist paradigm on nursing science in the world and in our country are discussed in the light of literature information.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nursing
• positivism
• paradigm
• humanism

Pozitivizm ve Hemşirelik: Pozitivist Paradigmanın Hemşirelik Bilimine Etkisi

Öz

Hemşirelik biliminin gelişiminde ilk olarak pozitivist paradigmanın izleri görülmektedir. Pozitivist paradigma tıbbi modelin kullandığı, hümanist değerler, bakım, bireylerin deneyimleri, duygu ve düşünceleri yerine sayısal verilere odaklanan bir yaklaşımdır. Aksine hemşireliğin özünü insan, bakım ve insana ilişkin değerler oluşturmaktadır. Pozitivist yaklaşım bakımın yalnızca nicel göstergeleri olduğuna inanan ve tıbbi modeli temel alan hemşirelerin yetişmesine neden olmaktadır. Postmodern dönemle birlikte hemşirelik alanında pozitivist paradigmanın yerine bakımı ve insanı temel alan postpozitivist paradigmalarla araştırmalar yürütülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda alternatif paradigmalar ile çalışmaların yeniden yapılandırılması hemşirelik bilimine katkıda bulunacaktır. Bu derleme yazısında dünyada ve ülkemizde pozitivist paradigmanın hemşirelik bilimine olan etkileri literatür bilgileri ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hemşirelik
• pozitivizm
• hümanizm
• paradigma

Kaynakça

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