Diabetes Mellitusu Olan Bireylerde Periferal Nöropati ve Hemşirelik Bakımı

Öz

Diabetes Mellitus; insülin hormonunun yetersizliği, eksikliği veya yokluğu sonucu gelişen hiperglisemi ile karakterize metabolik bir hastalıktır. Bu kronik hiperglisemi sürecinde gelişen sekonder metabolik ve mikrovasküler değişiklikler sonucu sinir liflerinin gövde, akson ve miyelin kılıfı hasar görmekte; diabetes mellitusu olan bireylerde en sık karşılaşılan komplikasyonlardan biri olan diyabetik periferal nöropati oluşmaktadır. Diyabetik periferal nöropati ağrı lifleri, motor nöronlar dahil tüm periferik sinirleri etkilemekte; uyuşma hissi, karıncalanma, parestezi, duyu kaybı, kas güçsüzlüğü, hiperaljezi ve allodini ile belirti vermektedir. Diyabetik periferal nöropati duyu ve refleks kayıplarına, düşmelere, enfeksiyonlara, ülserasyonlara, diyabetik ayak yarasına ve ampütasyonlara kadar ilerleyebilmekte; mortalite ve morbidite oranlarını arttırmaktadır. Bu yüzden diyabetik periferal nöropati tanılama, teşhis ve tedavisinde hastanın tıbbi öyküsünün ve mevcut durumunun detaylı olarak incelenmesi, düzenli aralıklarla taramalar yapılması gerekmektedir. Diyabetik periferal nöropati tanı, tedavi ve önlenmesinde ihtiyaç duyulan multidisipliner ekip içerisinde hemşire önemli bir role sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• hemşire
• diyabetik periferal nöropati
• hemşirelik bakımı

Peripheral Neuropathy and Nursing Care in Individuals with Diabetes Mellitus

Öz

Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia that is caused by insufficiency, deficiency, or absence of insulin hormone. As a result of secondary metabolic and microvascular changes that develop during this chronic hyperglycemia process, the trunk, axon, and myelin sheath of nerve fibers are damaged, which leads to diabetic peripheral neuropathy, one of the most common complications in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which presents with numbness, tingling, paresthesia, sensory loss, muscle weakness, hyperalgesia, and allodynia, affects all peripheral nerves, including pain fibers and motor neurons. It may cause sensory and reflex losses, falls, infections, ulcerations, diabetic foot wounds, and amputation and increase mortality and morbidity rates. For this reason, in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy, it is necessary to take patients' medical history, examine their current condition in detail, and perform regular screenings. The nurse has an important role in the multidisciplinary team needed in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• diabetes mellitus
• diabetic peripheral neuropathy
• nursing care

Kaynakça

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