Nuh’un Gemisi Anlatısında Ağrı Dağı’nın Rolü Üzerinde Bir Değerlendirme: Tarihsel, Dini ve Politik Perspektifler

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 261 - 290, 31.10.2025

Ahmet Efe

https://doi.org/10.31463/aicusbed.1646109

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Doğubayazıt şehri sınırları içinde yer alan ve çocukluk yıllarımın geçtiği Ağrı Dağı’nı disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımla ele almakta; Nuh’un Gemisi anlatısını Hristiyan, Ermeni ve İslami perspektiflerden tarihsel analiz ve dinî yorumlarla iç içe geçiren bir araştırma sunmaktadır. Yüzeysel bir incelemenin ötesine geçmeyi amaçlayan bu araştırma, yalnızca Ağrı Dağı’nın jeolojik tarihini ve erken dönem tarihsel referanslarını irdelemekle kalmayıp, aynı zamanda bu anlatının farklı dini kültürlerdeki yorumlarını ve kutsal metinlerdeki karşılıklarını detaylı bir şekilde ele almaktadır. Hristiyan anlatısı, Kitab-ı Mukaddes metinleri ve tarihsel keşifler ışığında analiz edilirken, Ermeni perspektifi, Ağrı Dağı’nın Ermeni Hristiyanlığı’ndaki kültürel ve dini önemine vurgu yaparak incelenmiştir. İslami bakış açısı ise, Nuh (Nuh) kıssasının Kur’an-ı Kerim’deki anlatımı ve İslam alimlerinin geminin nihai konumu hakkındaki yorumları üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, bu farklı perspektifleri bütünleştirerek, Nuh’un Gemisi anlatısında Ağrı Dağı’nın rolüne dair kapsamlı bir anlayış geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak, karşılaştırmalı bir analiz, bu kültürler arasında ortak noktalar ile farklılıkları ortaya koyarak, anlatının etkisinin ve giderek çeşitlenen dünyada birleştirici potansiyelinin altını çizmektedir. Bu araştırma, farklı disiplinlerden yararlanarak dini çalışmalar, arkeoloji ve kültürel anlayışa anlamlı bir katkı sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Ayrıca, gelecekteki araştırmalar için öneriler de sunulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağrı Dağı , Nuh’un Gemisi , Hristiyan perspektifleri , Ermeni perspektifleri , İslami perspektifler , tarihsel analiz

AN ASSESSMENT OF MOUNT ARARAT'S ROLE IN THE NARRATIVE OF NOAH'S ARK: HISTORICAL, RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL PERSPECTIVES

Öz

This study embarks on an interdisciplinary exploration of Mount Ararat which is within the borders of Doğubayazıt city of Türkiye where my whole childhood had passed, intertwining historical analysis and the religious interpretations from Christian, Armenian, and Islamic perspectives concerning the narrative of Noah's Ark. Aiming to delve beyond the surface, this research not only scrutinizes the geological history and early historical mentions of Mount Ararat, but it also dissects the religious texts and interpretations of the Noah's Ark narrative across these diverse religious cultures. The Christian account is analyzed through the lens of Biblical texts and historical explorations, while the Armenian perspective is examined by emphasizing Mount Ararat's cultural and religious significance in Armenian Christianity. The Islamic viewpoint is assessed by analyzing the Quranic narrative of Noah (Nuh) and Islamic interpretations of the Ark's final resting place. By integrating these various perspectives, the research aims to bring forth a holistic understanding of Mount Ararat's role in the narrative of Noah's Ark. Conclusively, a comparative analysis uncovers the shared threads and unique nuances across these cultures, culminating in a broader cross-cultural understanding of this narrative's impact and its unifying potential in an increasingly diversified world. This study, by drawing upon varied disciplines, strives to contribute meaningfully to religious studies, archaeology, and cultural comprehension. Future research directions are also suggested.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Mount Ararat , Noah , Christian perspectives , Armenian perspectives , Islamic perspectives , historical analysis

Kaynakça

• Abidin, D. Z. (2008). Al-Qur'an for life excellence. Hikmah.
• Al-Imam, A. A. (2006). Variant readings of the Quran: A critical study of their historical and linguistic. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).
• Aliyeva, R. (2021). Hymn of the mountain of Agri and the land of Noah in the works of the Azerbaijani literary giant Ordubadi. In I. M. Zymomrya, M. M. Palinchak, & Y. M. Bidzilya (Eds.), Закарпатські філологічні студії (Vol. 2, Issue 20, pp. 126–129). Видавничий дім "Гельветика". http://zfs-journal.uzhnu.uz.ua/archive/20/part_2/23.pdf
• Altakhaineh, A. R. M. (2019). An intertextuality perspective on Noah's story in the Quran. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 5(1), 78–84.
• Amosova, A. A., Panteeva, S. V., Chubarov, V. M., & Finkelshtein, A. L. (2016). Determination of major elements by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and trace elements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in igneous rocks from the same fused sample (110 mg). Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 122, 62–68.
• Avci, V., Sunkar, M., & Toprak, A. (2022). Morphometric analysis of Mount Ararat (Eastern Anatolia, Türkiye). Journal of Advanced Research in Natural and Applied Sciences, 8(3), 505–526.
• Azzoni, R. S., Zerboni, A., Pelfini, M., Garzonio, C. A., Cioni, R., Meraldi, E., … Diolaiuti, G. A. (2017). Geomorphology of Mount Ararat/Ağrı Dağı (Ağrı Dağı Milli Parkı, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). Journal of Maps, 13(2), 182–190.
• Bandstra, B. L. (2008). Reading the Old Testament: An introduction to the Hebrew Bible. Wadsworth Publishing.
• Bardakçı, M. (2012). Noah Ark - Noé L'arche - Prophet Noah's Ark on Mount Judi [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMCRwUCxUwA
• Beacháin, D. Ó., & Polese, A. (Eds.). (2010). The colour revolutions in the former Soviet republics. Routledge.
• Boring, M. E. (2012). An introduction to the New Testament: History, literature, theology. Westminster John Knox Press.
• Cline, E. H. (2007). From Eden to exile: Unraveling mysteries of the Bible. National Geographic Books.
• Cnudde, V., & Boone, M. N. (2013). High-resolution X-ray computed tomography in geosciences: A review of the current technology and applications. Earth-Science Reviews, 123, 1–17.
• Cohn, R. L. (1996). Noah's flood: The Genesis story in Western thought. Yale University Press.
• Corbin, B. (1999). The explorers of Ararat: And the search for Noah's Ark. Great Commission Illustrated Books.
• Crouse, B. (n.d.). Geological and historical reasons why Noah’s Ark did not land on Mt. Ararat in Turkey. Animatrade. https://animatrade.ru/en/kogda-byl-postroen-kovcheg-gde-vse-taki-nahodilsya-noev-kovcheg/
• Crouse, B., Franz, G., Lanser, R., Bender, F., & Crew, B. R. (2006). Mount Cudi—true mountain of Noah’s ark. Bible and Spade, 19(4), 100.
• Dalrymple, W. (2006). From the holy mountain: A journey among the Christians of the Middle East. Bloomsbury Publishing.
• Dinçol, A. M. (1994). Cultural and political contacts between Assyria and Urartu. Tel Aviv, 21(1), 6–21.
• Edwards, P. (1967). The encyclopedia of philosophy. Macmillan.
• Emerick, Y. (2010). The complete idiot's guide to understanding Islam. Alpha Books.
• Emmerson, R. K., & Clayton, M. W. (1989). Key figures in medieval Europe: An encyclopedia. Routledge.
• Esposito, J. L. (2011). The future of Islam. Oxford University Press.
• Feldman, L. H., & Hata, G. (1987). Josephus, the Bible, and history. Brill.
• Finkel, I. (2014). The Ark before Noah: Decoding the story of the flood. Hodder & Stoughton.
• Frazer, J. G. (2009). Folklore in the Old Testament: Studies in comparative religion, legend, and law. Forgotten Books.
• Garibian, N. (2021). ‘On the mountains of Ararat’: Noah’s Ark and the sacred topography of Armenia. In Apocryphal and esoteric sources in the development of Christianity and Judaism: The Eastern Mediterranean, the Near East, and beyond (pp. 276–295).
• Geçit, M. S. (2020). Kutsal kitaplara göre Hz. Nuh’un gemisi nerede yapıldı, nereden kalktı, nerede indi? Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 6(2), 147–171. https://doi.org/10.31463/aicusbed.742785
• Genesis 6:9–9:17. (n.d.). The Holy Bible.
• George, A. R. (2003). The Babylonian Gilgamesh epic: Introduction, critical edition and cuneiform texts. Oxford University Press.
• Gershevitch, I., & Fisher, W. B. (1985). The Cambridge history of Iran: The Median and Achaemenian periods. Cambridge University Press.
• Global Volcanism Program. (2013). Ararat. Smithsonian Institution. https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=213090
• Gmirkin, R. E. (2006). Berossus and Genesis, Manetho and Exodus: Hellenistic histories and the date of the Pentateuch. T & T Clark.
• Goldberg, A. (1987). The Babylonian Talmud. In The literature of the sages (Vol. 1, pp. 323–345).
• Ham, K. (2001). The new answers book: Over 25 questions on creation/evolution and the Bible. Master Books.
• Hamilton, V. P. (1995). The book of Genesis, chapters 18–50 (Vol. 1). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
• Karapetyan, S. (2001). Armenian cultural monuments in the region of Karabakh (Vol. 3). Gitutiun Publishing House of NAS RAA.
• Kasaba, R. (2009). A moveable empire: Ottoman nomads, migrants, and refugees. University of Washington Press.
• Kasbarian, S. (2015). The ‘others’ within: The Armenian community in Cyprus. In Diasporas of the modern Middle East: Contextualizing community (pp. 241–273).
• Kaya, F., Belli, O., & Younker, R. (2024). Ağrı Dağı ve Nuh’un Gemisi: Tarih, mitoloji ve coğrafya. Akademisyen Kitabevi.
• Lanser, R. D., & Div, M. Jr. (2008). An Armenian perspective on the search for Noah’s Ark. In Annual Meeting of the Near East Archaeological Society, San Diego, California.
• Libaridian, G. J. (2004). Modern Armenia: People, nation, state. Transaction Publishers.
• Longman III, T., & Walton, J. H. (2018). The lost world of the flood: Mythology, theology, and the deluge debate. InterVarsity Press.
• Makhmudjonova, G. (2020). Depictions of the Ark of Noah and the giant Uj in Kulliyat-i Tarikhi of Hafız-i Abru: Style and iconography. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 29(2), 567–587. https://doi.org/10.29135/std.691468
• Maranci, C. (2015). The art of Armenia: An introduction. Oxford University Press.
• Metzger, B. M., & Coogan, M. D. (1993). The Oxford companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press.
• Morier, J. J. (Ed.). (1855). The adventures of Hajji Baba: In Turkey, Persia and Russia. Lippincott, Grambo & Company.
• Nissen, H. (2015). Noah's Ark: Ancient accounts and new discoveries (Unabridged). Scandinavia Publishing House.
• Nursi, B. S. (2007). Letter. Envar Publication.
• Nursi, B. S. (1960). Lem'alar. Envar Publications.
• Nursi, B. S. (1960). Mesnevi-i Nuriye. Envar Publications.
• Nursi, B. S. (1960). Muhakemat. Envar Publications.
• Nursi, B. S. (1960). Rays. Envar Publications.
• Nursi, B. S. (1960). Words. Envar Publications.
• Nye, B. (2014). Undeniable: Evolution and the science of creation. St. Martin's Press.
• Olmstead, A. T. (1968). History of Assyria. London.
• Pacal, J. (1996). What happened to the Turkish Assyrians? Turkish Daily News, 29.
• Panossian, R. (2006). The Armenians: From kings and priests to merchants and commissars. Columbia University Press.
• Parrot, F. (1846). Journey to Ararat (Vol. 8). Harper and Bros.
• Petersen, A. (1996). Dictionary of Islamic architecture. Routledge.
• Phillips, D. L. (2012). Diplomatic history: The Turkey-Armenia protocols. Turkish Policy Quarterly, 11(3), 93.
• Price, R. M. (2015). The incredible shrinking Son of Man: How reliable is the Gospel tradition? Prometheus Books.
• Quran 11:36–44. The Holy Quran.
• Quran. Surah Hud, verse 44 [Translation]. https://www.quran.gen.tr
• Rahmdel, S. (2014). The impact of Mount Ararat on formation of Armenian cultural landscape. Journal of Art and Civilization of the Orient, 2(4), 20–29.
• Robinson, G. (2008). Essential Torah: A complete guide to the five books of Moses. Schocken.
• Saeed, A. (2008). Interpreting the Quran: Towards a contemporary approach. Routledge.
• Senter, P. (2011). The defeat of flood geology by flood geology. Reports of the National Center for Science Education, 31(3), 1–14.
• Smith, J. Z. (2011). Map is not territory: Studies in the history of religions. University of Chicago Press.
• Suny, R. G., Göçek, F. M., & Naimark, N. M. (Eds.). (2011). A question of genocide: Armenians and Turks at the end of the Ottoman Empire. Oxford University Press.
• Walton, J. H. (2009). The lost world of Genesis One: Ancient cosmology and the origins debate. IVP Academic.
• Yalcin, A. (2007). Environmental impacts of landslides: A case study from East Black Sea region, Turkey. Environmental Engineering Science, 24(6), 821–833.