Mikro-Hidro Santrallerin Kırsal Bölge Sakinlerinin Refahını Arttırmadaki Etkisi: Afganistan Badakhshan İli Örneği

Yıl 2021, , 11 - 20, 30.12.2021

Jamshid Yolchi , Farzad Ahmadi

https://doi.org/10.53839/aifd.875520

Öz

Afganistan, 2003 yılından başlayarak, Ulusal Dayanışma Programını (NSP) uluslararası toplumdan mali yardım alarak uygulamaya koydu ve tüm vatandaşlara temel hizmetler sunmaya odaklanmıştı. Programın büyük bir kısmı elektrifikasyon, kırsal yollar, içme suyu, okullar vb projelere harcandı. Badahşan ilinde, 443'ü mikro hidroelektrik santralleri olmak üzere NSP tarafından 2713 proje uygulandı. Bu araştırmada 6 ilçeden 1070 örnek veri seti toplanmıştır. Veri analizi, projenin kırsal kesimde yaşayanların refahı üzerindeki etkisini bulmak için Eğilim Puanı Eşleştirme yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Refahın tespiti için TV, bilgisayar ve telefon bulundurma vekil olarak kullanıldı. Sonuçlar, tedavi grubunun kontrol gruplarından daha fazla TV, bilgisayar ve telefona sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Kesin olarak, tedavi grubu muadillerine göre % 23,9 daha fazla TV, % 7,6 daha fazla bilgisayar ve % 37,6 daha fazla telefona sahip.

Anahtar Kelimeler

kırsal kalkınma, kırsal elektrifikasyon, Mikro-hidroelektrik Santralleri, Proje Etkisi, Afganistan

The Impact of Micro-Hydro Power Plants in Increasing the Welfare of Rural Residents: A Case Study of Badakhshan Province- Afghanistan

Öz

Afghanistan, starting from 2003 has implemented the National Solidarity Program (NSP) with financial assistance from the international community and focused on delivering basic services to all citizens. The bulk of the program was electrification, countryside roads, drinking water, schools and etc. In Badakhshan province, 2713 projects have been implemented by NSP, of which 443 of them were the micro-hydro power plants. In this research, a dataset of 1070 samples has been gathered from 6 districts. The data analysis was conducted with the Propensity Score Matching method to find the impact of the project on the welfare of rural residents. For detection of welfare the TV, computer, and telephone possession were used as proxies. The results indicate that the treatment group has more TVs, computers, and telephones than control groups. Precisely the treatment group has 23.9% more TVs, 7.6% more computers, and 37.6% more telephones than their counterparts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rural development, rural electrification, micro-hyro power, Project impact, Afghanistan

Kaynakça

• Bajracharya, S. B., Gurung, G. B., & Basnet, K. (2007). Learning from Community Participation in Conservation Area Management. Journal of Forest and Livelihood, 6(2).
• Barakat, S. (2006). Mid-term Evaluation Report of the National Solidarity Program (NSP), Afghanistan. York: The University of York.
• Beath, A., Christia, F., & Enikolopov, R. (2015). The National Solidarity Programme: Assessing the Effects of Community-Driven Development in Afghanistan. International Peacekeeping, 22(4), 302-320. doi:10.1080/13533312.2015.1059287
• Bhandari, R., Richter, A., Möller, A., & Oswianoski, R.-P. (2015). Electrification using Decentralized Micro Hydropower Plants in North-eastern Afghanistan. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 3(3), 49-65. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.13044/j.sdewes.2015.03.0004
• Citizen Charter Program. (2019). www.ccnpp.org. Retrieved 11 22, 2019, from http://www.ccnpp.org/PageDari.aspx?PageID=15
• GIZ. (2019, 10 30). GIZ. Retrieved from GIZ Web Site: https://www.ez-afghanistan.de/prs/story/%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%aa%da%af%d8%a7%d9%87-%da%a9%d9%88%da%86%da%a9-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%84%db%8c%d8%af-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%82-%d8%a2%d8%a8%db%8c-%e2%80%93-%d8%a8%db%8c%d8%b4-%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%b1%da%98%db%8c
• Gujarati, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics. London: McGraw-Hill Companies.
• Kaldellis, J. (2007). The Contribution of Small Hydro-Power Stations to the Electricity Generation in Gereece: Technical and Economic Considerations. Energy Policy, 35, 2187-2196.
• Kazimi, S. H., Rukni, A., & Bathani, S. M. (1985). Economical Assessment of Producing Energy in Micro-hydro Plants. Isfahan Regional Electric Company , 1-12.
• Khennas, S., & Barnett, A. (2000). Best Practices for Sustainable Development of Micro Hydro Power in Developing Coutries. Washington D.C: World Bank.
• Kirubi, C., Jacobson, A., Kammen, M., & Mills, A. (2009). Community-Based Electric Micro-Grids Can Contribute to Rural Development: Evidence from Kenya. World Development, 37(7), 1208–1221.
• liv, H., Masera, D., & Esser, L. (2014). World Small Hydropower Development Report 2013. United Nation Industrial Development Organization, Internal Center on Small Hydro Power. Retrieved from www.smallhydropower.org
• McCandless, M. (2007). Community Involvement in the Development of Small Hydro in Uttaranchal, India. Winnipeg, Manitoba: University of Manitoba.
• Nanayakkara, N., & Nakamura, M. (2007). Best Practice Implementation Strategies of Community Based Village Hydro Power Projects for Sustainable Operation. IEEE, 272-276.
• ed Village Hydro Power Projects for Sustainable Operation. IEEE, 272-276. Ping, Z., Jiang, Z., & Li, C. (2011). Status and Future Perspective of Energy Consumption and Its Ecological Impacts in the Qinghai-Tibet Region. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15, 514-523.
• Program National Solidarity. (2019, 6). Projects Constructed Under the National Solidarity Program in Badakhshan. Faizabad, Badakhshan, Afghanistan: Department of Rural Rehabilitation and Development.
• Sadiqi, S. K., Sijudi, S., & Ahmadizada Deljawan, F. (2017). The impact of Renewable Energies in Economic growth and Environment quality in Iran. Quarterly Journal of Research in Energy Policy Making and Planning, 1-32.
• White, H., & Raitzer, D. A. (2017). Impact Evaluation of Development Interventions A Practical Guide. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
• Yolchi, J. (2020). Management Schemes of Local Community Counsels of Micro-hydro Power Plants: A Case Study of Badakhshan Province. Faizabad: Badakhshan University.