21. Yüzyılda Bölge Çalışmaları ve Uluslararası Politika

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 300 - 334, 30.12.2025

Ali Kiriktaş

Öz

21. yüzyılda uluslararası politikayı anlamak için geleneksel devlet merkezli ve tek bir teoriye dayalı yaklaşımlar yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu makale, küresel sistemdeki karmaşık etkileşimleri çözümlemek, küresel dönüşüm dinamiklerini anlamak ve çok katmanlı stratejiler geliştirmek için Bölge Çalışmalarının sunduğu disiplinlerarası, çok yöntemli ve çok boyutlu perspektifin vazgeçilmez hale geldiğini savunmaktadır. Realizm, liberalizm ve eleştirel teoriler gibi temel paradigmaların bölgesel analizlere nasıl derinlik kazandırdığı incelenirken, Bölge Çalışmalarının tarih, sosyoloji ve ekonomi gibi farklı alanlardan beslenen metodolojik çeşitliliği vurgulanmaktadır. Makale, Orta Doğu’daki jeopolitik rekabet, Asya-Pasifik’teki ekonomik entegrasyon, Latin Amerika’daki sosyal hareketler ve Afrika’daki kaynak-yönetişim paradoksu gibi vaka analizleri üzerinden bölgesel dinamiklerin küresel sistemi nasıl şekillendirdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda, ABD, Çin ve Rusya gibi küresel güçlerin stratejilerinin bölgesel düzeyde nasıl somutlaştığı ele alınmaktadır. Bölge Çalışmaları, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininin teorik ufkunu genişleten, metodolojik araç setini zenginleştiren ve ampirik temelini güçlendiren eleştirel bir alan olarak konumlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, dünyanın tek bir merkezden değil, farklı bölgelerden oluşan çok merkezli bir yapıya sahip olduğunu hatırlatarak daha bütüncül bir analiz sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölge Çalışmaları , Uluslararası İlişkiler , Jeopolitik , Bölgeselcilik , Küresel Sistem

Area Studies and International Politics in the 21st Century

Öz

In the 21st century, traditional state-centric and single-theory approaches are insufficient for understanding international politics. This article argues that the interdisciplinary, multi-method, and multi-dimensional perspective offered by Area Studies has become indispensable for analyzing complex interactions in the global system, understanding the dynamics of global transformation, and developing multi-layered strategies. While examining how core paradigms such as realism, liberalism, and critical theories deepen regional analyses, the article highlights the methodological diversity of Area Studies, which draws from fields such as history, sociology, and economics. Through case studies—including geopolitical competition in the Middle East, economic integration in the Asia-Pacific, social movements in Latin America, and the resource-governance paradox in Africa—the article demonstrates how regional dynamics shape the global system. It also discusses how the strategies of global powers such as the United States, China, and Russia materialize at the regional level. Area Studies is positioned as a critical field that expands the theoretical horizon of the discipline of International Relations, enriches its methodological toolkit, and strengthens its empirical foundation. By reminding us that the world has a polycentric structure composed of diverse regions rather than a single center, this study offers a more holistic analysis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Regional Studies , International Relations , Geopolitics , Regionalism , Global System

Kaynakça

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