Interactive effect of thiourea application on morphological and physiological characteristics in Cicer arietinum L. grown at different temperatures

Yıl 2022, , 83 - 91, 15.11.2022

Sema Leblebici , Fadime Donbaloğlu Bozca

https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.1139277

Öz

Global warming affects many metabolic events in plants and significantly reduces yield and product quality. One of the physiological events most affected by heat stress is nitrogen metabolism. In this study, 5 and 10 mM thiourea was applied to chickpea plants grown at 15, 25, and 35 °C and it was aimed to determine how the plant can cope with heat stress with nitrogen supplementation. It was determined that the root length decreased significantly at all three temperatures depending on the increasing thiourea concentration, while the shoot length increased at 15 and 35 °C compared to the control. There was a decrease in root fresh weight in all three experimental groups due to increasing thiourea concentrations. Only at 5 mM at 15 °C was a highly significant increase seen over the control. When the experimental groups at all temperatures were compared, the highest chlorophyll a, b, and total chlorophyll values were found at 35 °C. It was determined that SOD activity decreased at all three temperatures compared to the control, while CAT and APX activity increased. A significant increase in NR and GS activity was determined in both thiourea treatments at 25 and 35 °C compared to the control.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant enzymes, chickpeas, heat stress, nitrogen metabolism, morphological parameters

Destekleyen Kurum

Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

2019-01.BŞEÜ.25-01

Teşekkür

This study was supported by Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Scientific Research Projects Coordinatorship (Project number: 2019-01.BŞEÜ.25-01).

Farklı sıcaklıklarda yetiştirilen Cicer arietinum L.'de tiyüre uygulamasının morfolojik ve fizyolojik özellikler üzerine interaktif etkisi

Öz

Küresel ısınma bitkilerde birçok metabolik olayı etkilemekte, verimi ve ürün kalitesini önemli ölçüde düşürmektedir. Sıcaklık stresinden en çok etkilenen fizyolojik olaylardan biri de azot metabolizmasıdır. Bu çalışmada, 15, 25 ve 35 °C'de yetiştirilen nohut bitkisine 5 ve 10 mM tiyoüre uygulanmış ve azot takviyesi ile bitkinin sıcaklık stresi ile nasıl başa çıkabileceğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Artan tiyoüre konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak her üç sıcaklıkta da kök uzunluğunun önemli ölçüde azaldığı, sürgün uzunluğunun ise kontrole göre 15 ve 35 °C'de arttığı belirlendi. Artan tiyoüre konsantrasyonlarına bağlı olarak her üç deney grubunda da kök taze ağırlığında bir azalma olmuştur. 15 °C'de sadece 5 mM'de kontrol üzerinde oldukça önemli bir artış gözlenmiştir. Tüm sıcaklıklardaki deney grupları karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek klorofil a, b ve toplam klorofil değerleri 35 °C'de tespit edilmiştir. Her üç sıcaklıkta da kontrole göre SOD aktivitesinin azaldığı, CAT ve APX aktivitesinin ise arttığı belirlenmiştir. Kontrole kıyasla 25 ve 35°C'de her iki tiyoüre uygulamasında da NR ve GS aktivitesinde önemli bir artış tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

antioksidan enzimler, nohut, sıcaklık stresi, nitrojen metabolizması, morfolojik parametreler

Proje Numarası

2019-01.BŞEÜ.25-01

Kaynakça

• Ahmad, P, Wani, MR, Azooz, MM, & Tran, LSP (2014). Improvement of crops in the era of climatic changes. New York, NY: Springer.
• Akladious SA (2014). Influence of thiourea application on some physiological and molecular criteria of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants under conditions of heat stress. Protoplasma 251(3): 625-638.
• Arnon DL (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. Polyphenoloxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant physiology 24(1): 1.
• Arslan, Eyidoğan F, Ekmekçi Y (2018). Freezing tolerance of chickpea: biochemical and molecular changes at vegetative stage. Biologia Plantarum 62(1): 140-148.
• Aslantaş R, Karakurt H, Karakurt Y (2010). Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the resistance of plants to low temperatures. Journal of Atatürk University Faculty of Agriculture 41(2): 157-167.
• Awasthi R, Gaur P, Turner NC, Vadez V, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H (2017). Effects of individual and combined heat and drought stress during seed filling on the oxidative metabolism and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes differing in heat and drought tolerance. Crop and Pasture Science 68(9): 823-841.
• Baqer RA, Al-Kaaby HK, Adul-Qadir LH (2020). Antioxidant responses in wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) treated with Thiourea. Plant Archives 20(2): 717-722.
• Bhandari K, Sita K, Sehgal A, Bhardwaj A, Gaur P, Kumar S, Singh S, Siddique KHM, Prasad PVV, Jha U, Nayyar H (2020). Differential heat sensitivity of two cool-season legumes, chickpea, and lentil, at the reproductive stage, is associated with responses in pollen function, photosynthetic ability, and oxidative damage. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 206(6): 734-758.
• Bohnert HJ, Gong Q, Li P, Ma S (2006). Unraveling abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms - Getting genomics going. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 9(2): 180-188.
• Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72 (1-2): 248-254.
• Carvalho A, Leal F, Matos M, & Lima-Brito J (2018). Effects of heat stress in the leaf mitotic cell cycle and chromosomes of four wine-producing grapevine varieties. Protoplasma 255(6): 1725-1740.
• Cervilla LM, Blasco B, Ríos JJ, Rosales MA, Rubio-Wilhelmi MM, Sánchez-Rodríguez E, Romero L, Ruiz JM (2009). Response of nitrogen metabolism to boron toxicity in tomato plants. Plant biology 11(5): 671-677.
• Choudhary RN, Suthar KJ, Patel NJ (2020). Effect of Seed priming and foliar spray of bio-regulators on yield and yield attributes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under conserved moisture condition. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 9(11): 2051-2057.
• Clarkson DT, Warner AJ (1979). Relationships between root temperature and the transport of ammonium and nitrate ıons by ıtalian and perennial ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum and Lolium perenne). Plant Physiology 64(4): 557-561.
• Croser JS, Clarke HJ, Siddique KHM, Khan TN, 2003. Low-temperature stress: Implications for chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) improvement. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 22(2): 185-219.
• Donbaloglu Bozca F, Leblebici S (2022). Interactive effect of boric acid and temperature stress on phenological characteristics and antioxidant system in Helianthus annuus L. South African Journal of Botany 147: 391-399.
• Gaur, Pooran M, Jukanti AK, Samineni S, Chaturvedi SK, Basu PS, Babbar A, Jayalakshmi V, Nayyar H, Devasirvatham V, Mallikarjuna N, Krishnamurthy L, Gowda L (2014). Climate Change and Heat Stress Tolerance in Chickpea. Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance 839-855.
• Hassan M A, Xiang C, Farooq M, Muhammad N, Yan Z, Hui X, Jincai L (2021). Cold stress in wheat: plant acclimation responses and management strategies. Frontiers in Plant Science 12(July): 1-15.
• Hassanein RA, Amin ABAES, Rashad ESM, Ali H (2015). Effect of thiourea and salicylic acid on antioxidant defense of wheat plants under drought stress. International Journal of ChemTech Research 7(01): 346-354.
• Hayat S, Masood A, Yusuf M, Fariduddin Q, Ahmad A (2009). Growth of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in response to salicylic acid under high-temperature stress. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 21, 187-195.
• Hussain HA, Hussain S, Khaliq A, Ashraf U, Anjum SA, Men S, Wang L (2018). Chilling and drought stresses in crop plants: implications, cross talk, and potential management opportunities. Frontiers in plant science 9: 393.
• İbrahimova U, Kumari P, Yadav S, Rastogi A, Antala M, Suleymanova Z, Zivcak M, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Hussain S, Abdelhamid M, Hajihashemi S, Yang X, Brestic M (2021). Progress in understanding salt stress response in plants using biotechnological tools. Journal of Biotechnology 329: 180-191.
• Kabay T, Şensoy S (2017). Enzyme, chlorophyll and ıon changes in some common bean genotypes by high temperature stress. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ege University 54(4): 429-437.
• Karami-Moalem S, Maali-Amiri R, Kazemi-Shahandashti SS (2018). Effect of cold stress on oxidative damage and mitochondrial respiratory properties in chickpea. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 122: 31-39.
• Kaur G, Kumar S, Nayyar H, Upadhyaya HD (2008). Cold stress injury during the pod-filling phase in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): Effects on quantitative and qualitative components of seeds. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 194(6): 457-464.
• Kaushal N, Awasthi R, Gupta K, Gaur P, Siddique KHM, Nayyar H (2013). Heat-stress-induced reproductive failures in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) are associated with impaired sucrose metabolism in leaves and anthers. Functional Plant Biology 40(12): 1334-1349.
• Kaushal N, Gupta K, Bhandhari K, Kumar S, Thakur P, Nayyar H (2011). Proline induces heat tolerance in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants by protecting vital enzymes of carbon and antioxidative metabolism. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 17(3): 203-213.
• Kaya C, Sönmez O, Ashraf M, Polat T, Tuna L, Aydemir S (2015). Exogenous application of nitric oxide and thiourea regulates on growth and some key physiological processes in maize (Zea mays L.) plants under saline stress. Soil Studies 61-66.
• Kazemi-Shahandashti SS, Maali-Amiri R, Zeinali H, Khazaei M, Talei A, Ramezanpour SS (2014). Effect of short-term cold stress on oxidative damage and transcript accumulation of defense-related genes in chickpea seedlings. Journal of Plant Physiology 171(13): 1106-1116.
• Khanna P, Kaur K, Gupta AK (2017). Root biomass partitioning, differential antioxidant system and thiourea spray are responsible for heat tolerance in spring maize. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B - Biological Sciences 87(2): 351-359.
• Kumar S, Gupta D, Nayyar H (2012). Comparative response of maize and rice genotypes to heat stress: Status of oxidative stress and antioxidants. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 34(1): 75-86.
• Kumar S, Malik J, Thakur P, Kaistha S, Dev Sharma K, Upadhyaya HD, Berger JD, Nayyar H (2011). Growth and metabolic responses of contrasting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes to chilling stress at reproductive phase. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33(3): 779-787.
• Kurdali F (1996). Nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation, mobilization and partitioning in rainfed chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Field Crops Research 47(2-3): 81-92.
• Laurıe S, Stewart GR (1993). Effects of nitrogen supply and high temperature on the growth and physiology of the chickpea. Plant, Cell & Environment 16(6): 609-621.
• Lu Y Bin, Yang LT, Li Y, Xu J, Liao TT, Chen Y Bin, Chen LS (2014). Effects of boron deficiency on major metabolites, key enzymes and gas exchange in leaves and roots of Citrus sinensis seedlings. Tree Physiology 34(6): 608-618.
• Mittler R (2002). Oxidative stress, antioxidants and stress tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 7(9): 405-410.
• Nasr Esfahani M, Sulieman S, Schulze J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K, Tran LS (2014). Approaches for enhancement of N2 fixation efficiency of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under limiting nitrogen conditions. Plant Biotechnology Journal 12(3): 387-397.
• Nazari M, Maali Amiri M, Mehraban FH, Khaneghah HZ (2012). Change in antioxidant responses against oxidative damage in black chickpea following cold acclimation. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 59(2): 183-189.
• Perveen S, Farooq R, Shahbaz M (2016). Thiourea-induced metabolic changes in two mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] (Fabaceae) varieties under salt stress. Revista Brasileira de Botanica 39(1): 41-54.
• Reis AR, Favarin JL, Gallo LA, Malavolta E, Moraes MF, Junior JL (2009). Nitrate Reductase And Glutamine Synthetase Activity In Coffee Leaves During Fruit Development. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo 33: 315–324.
• Rymen B, Fiorani F, Kartal F, Vandepoele K, Inzé D, & Beemster GTS (2007). Cold nights impair leaf growth and cell cycle progression in maize through transcriptional changes of cell cycle genes. Plant Physiology 143(3): 1429–1438.
• Sairam RK, Srivastava GC, Saxena DC (2000). Increased antioxidant activity under elevated temperatures: A mechanism of heat stress tolerance in wheat genotypes. Biologia Plantarum 43(2): 245–251.
• Tepe M, Aydemir T (2011). Antioxidant responses of lentil and barley plants to boron toxicity under different nitrogen sources. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(53): 10882–10891.
• Turan Ö, Ekmekçi Y (2011). Activities of photosystem II and antioxidant enzymes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars exposed to chilling temperatures. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 33(1): 67–78.
• Turan Ö, Ekmekçi Y (2014). Chilling tolerance of Cicer arietinum lines evaluated by photosystem II and antioxidant activities. Turkish Journal of Botany 38(3): 499–510.
• Wahid A, Gelani S, Ashraf M, Foolad MR (2007). Heat tolerance in plants: An overview. Environmental and Experimental Botany 61(3): 199–223.
• Yadav SK, Tiwari YK, Singh V, Patil AA, Shanker AK, Jyothi Lakshmi N, Vanaja M, Maheswari M (2018). Physiological and Biochemical Basis of Extended and Sudden Heat Stress Tolerance in Maize. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B - Biological Sciences 88(1): 249–263.
• Yousefi V, Ahmadi J, Sadeghzadeh-Ahari D, Esfandiari E (2018). Influence of long-term cold stress on enzymatic antioxidative defense system in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Acta Agrobotanica 71(3): 1–11.
• Wu J, Nadeem M, Galagedara L, Thomas R, & Cheema M (2022). Effects of Chilling Stress on Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Attributes of Silage Corn Genotypes During Seedling Establishment. Plants, 11(9).