The relationships between environmental and disturbance factors in temperate deciduous forest ecosystem (Amasya/Turkey)

Öz

Deciduous forests face many disturbance factors. Grazing and cutting are the leading factors in this disturbance.The study area's vegetation was analyzed using numerical methods to identify plant communities and determine the relationship between environmental gradients and disturbance factors. The species diversity was calculated using alpha and beta diversity indexes. As a result, four different communities were identified in the study area. One of the communities was under grazing pressure while the other community was under cutting pressure. No disturbance factors were found in the remaining two communities. Elevation and soil moisture were found to be important in the distribution of plant communities. pH, soil moisture, soil % N content and canopy factors were found to be important. The highest Shannon-Wienner diversity index values were found in non-cutting and non-grazing forest communities. The lowest Shannon-Wienner diversity index values were found in grazing and cutting forest communities. Unlike the Shannon-Wienner diversity index, the highest beta index values were found in grazing and cutting forest communities. The lowest beta index values were found in non-cutting and non-grazing forest communities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Plant ecology
• plant diversity
• numerical method

Öz

Yaprak döken ormanlar birçok tahribat faktörüyle karşı karşıyadır. Özellikle otlatma ve ağaç kesimi bu faktörlerin başında gelmektedir. Çalışma alanının vejetasyonu, bitki komünitelerinin tespiti ve çevresel faktörler ile tahribat faktörleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için nümerik metotlar kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.Tür çeşitililiği alfa ve beta çeşitlilik indeksleri kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, çalışma alanında 4 farklı komünite tespit edilmiştir. Bu komünitelerden biri otlatma baskısı altındayken diğer komünite ağaç kesimi baskısı altındadır. Diğer komüntelerde ise tahribat faktörleri bulunmamıştır. Rakım ve toprak neminin bitki komünitelerinin dağılımında önemli olduğu bulunmuştur. pH, toprak nemi, toprak N içeriği ve kanopi faktörleri önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek Shannon-Wienner indeks değerleri ağaç kesimi ve otlatma olmayan orman komünitelerinde bulunmuştur. En düşük Shannon-Wienner çeşitlilik değerleri ise otlatma ve ağaç kesimi olan orman komüntelerinde bulunmuştur. Shannon-Wienner çeşitlilik indekslerinin aksine, en yüksek beta çeşitlilik indeks değerleri otlatma ve ağaç kesimi olan orman komünitelerinde bulunmuştur. En düşük beta index değerleri ağaç kesimi ve otlatma olmayan orman komünitelerinde bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bitki ekolojisi
• bitki çeşitliliği

Kaynakça

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