Araştırma Makalesi
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An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students

Yıl 2024, , 195 - 217, 29.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1240819

Öz

A variety of programmes and schemes make travel more affordable and attractive for young people. They provide opportunities to experience intercultural communication first-hand to those who could not have imagined without being involved in such institutionalized schemes. One such programme is Work & Travel which is offered in the USA. Young people who gain hands-on experience in the USA can potentially gain intercultural skills. A few studies have focused on to what extent this experience could live up to the expectations (1 reference). There is a lack of research on the impact of Summer Work and Travel (SWT) participants and the factors affecting their levels of intercultural sensitivity, especially in the Turkish context. Therefore, the current study aims to measure the intercultural sensitivity (IS) of the SWT participants from Türkiye and the factors which impact their level of IS. The sequential mixed method was used, and the quantitative data was first gathered via a five-point Likert scale with 129 participants. Semi-structured interviews with ten volunteering participants followed the quantitative data collection phase. It was concluded from the data analysis that the participants in the SWT experience had a high level of IS. While some participants had less confidence due to their insufficient language proficiency, they reported that they became more confident as they improved their language skills and adapted to the intercultural environment. The researchers also concluded that the high IS might have resulted from the participants’ high level of daily interaction with people from different cultures and at the social events they attended.

Kaynakça

  • Altshuler, L., Sussman, N. M., & Kachur, E. (2003). Assessing changes in intercultural sensitivity among physician trainees using the Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00029-4
  • Amuzie, G. L., & Winke, P. (2009). Changes in language learning beliefs as a result of study abroad. System, 37(3), 366-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.02.011
  • Anderson, P. H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R. J., & Hubbard, A. C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457-469.
  • Brislin, R. W., & Yoshida, T. (1994). Improving intercultural interactions. Multicultural aspects of counselling series. Sage Publications.
  • Carpio, G. J., Torres, A. L. D., Samiran, R., Villera, K. J., & Manguerra-Mahusay, S. (2018). Work and Travel Experiences of Filipino Tourism Students in Selected Universities. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 5(2), 143-174.
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The Development and Validation of the Intercultural Communication Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication, 3, 1–15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Pearson Publication.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Çiftçi, E. Y., Cendel Karaman, A., & Daloğlu, A. (2022). ‘No one is superior to another’: tracing intercultural development in a year longstudy abroad programme, The Language Learning Journal, 50:5, 537-549, DOI:10.1080/09571736.2020.1802770
  • Demir, S., & Üstün, E. (2017). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnik merkezcilik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 1-11.
  • Dong, Q., Day, K. D., & Collaço, C. M. (2008). Overcoming ethnocentrism through developing intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism. Human Communication, 11(1), 27–38.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methodologies. Oxford University Press.
  • Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2003). Study abroad levels: Toward a classification of programme types. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 9(1), 1-20.
  • Fidan, N., & Karatepe, Ç. (2021). How do Erasmus Students Evaluate their Language Learning Experience Abroad? Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER), 93, 10-30. DOI: 00.14689/ejer.2021.93.3
  • Fidan, N. (2021). Willingness to Communicate in EFL in the Classroom and Informal Digital Context: Their associations with the Big-Five Personality Traits. [Unpublished master’s thesis], Türkiye.
  • Foster, M. (2017). Understanding the US J-1 Summer Work & Travel Programme: The truths and myths. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://swatltd.com/understanding-us-j-1-summer-work-travel-programme-truths-myths/
  • Gürkan, E. (2021). Investigating Intercultural Comminication Sensitivity of First and Fourth Grade ELT Learners. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Bursa Uludağ Üniversity, Türkiye.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Publication.
  • Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003) Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural developmental inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 421-443.
  • Işık, S. (2019). Investigating instructors’ and pre-service teachers’ intercultural sensitivity in foreign languages department. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çukurova University.
  • Jackson, J. (2008). Globalization, internationalization, and short-term stays abroad. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.004
  • Karatepe, Ç., & Dal, T. (2020). Adaptation of Syrian refugees into Turkish culture: Does language proficiency in Turkish help? (pp. 167-184) In Sarıkaya, E. (Ed.) (2020). Theory and Research in Social Human and Administrative Sciences. Gece Akademi Yayınları. ISBN 9786257243674
  • Kitsantas, A. (2004). Studying abroad: the role of college students' goals on the development of cross-cultural skills and global understanding. College Student Journal, 38(3), 441-453.
  • Lin, Y. H., Lee, Y. C., & Wang, S. C. (2012). Analysis of motivation, travel risk, and travel satisfaction of Taiwan undergraduates on work and travel overseas programmemes: Developing measurement scales. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2, 35-46.
  • Landis, D., & Bhagat, R. S. (1996). Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed). Sage Publications. Manadee, N. (2010). Satisfaction with USA Work and Travel Programme in View of Former Participants. Language Institute, Thammasat University.
  • Medina–López–Portillo, A. (2004). Intercultural learning assessment: The link between programme duration and the development of intercultural sensitivity. Frontiers: The interdisciplinary journal of study abroad, 10(1), 179-200.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • Neuliep, J., Chaudoir, M., & McCroskey, J. (2001). A cross-cultural comparison of ethnocentrism among Japanese and United States college students. Communication Research Reports, 18, 137–146.
  • Olson, C., & Kroeger, K. R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of studies in international education, 5(2),116-137.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Pinar, A. (2016). Second Language acquisition in a study abroad context: Findings and research directions. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 18(2), 83-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/calj.v18n2.9480
  • Pruegger, V. J., & Rogers, T. B. (1994). Cross-cultural sensitivity training: Methods and assessment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 369–387.
  • Rust, K., & Morris, C. (2012). Intercultural competency development in conjunction with a short-term study away experience: Changes in undergraduate students. Proceedings of 18th International Business Research Conference, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2166515
  • Salisbury, M. H. (2011). The effect of study abroad on intercultural competence among undergraduate college students [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Iowa.
  • Taşkın, A. (2020). A study on developing tertiary-level EFL learners’ intercultural sensitivity. [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Middle East Technical University, Türkiye.
  • Thaokhamlue, M. (2012). Factors influencing Chiang Mai University’s undergraduate students to participate in Work and Travel Programme in the United States. Chiang Mai University.
  • US Embassy & Consulates in Türkiye (n.d). Summer Work and Travel Exchange Program. https://tr.usembassy.gov/education-culture/summer-work-and-travel-exchange-program/
  • Üstün, E. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnik merkezcilik düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Yıldız Technical University.
  • Wattanavorakijkul, N. (2020). Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity of Thai University Students: Impact of Their Participation in the US Summer Work Travel Programme. Reflections, 27(1), 81-102.
  • Williams, T. R. (2005). Exploring the impact of study abroad on students’ intercultural communication skills: Adaptability and sensitivity. Journal of studies in international education, 9(4), 356-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315305277681
  • Wu, J. F. (2015). Examining Chen and Starosta’s Model of Intercultural Sensitivity in the Taiwanese Cultural Context. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 6, 1-8.
  • Wujiabudula, A., & Karatepe, Ç. (2020). A study of pre-service ELT teachers’ cultural intelligence and its relationship with metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral Cultural Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejals.v3i1.203
  • Yürür, S., Koç, E., Taşkın, C., & Boz, H. (2021). Factors influencing intercultural sensitivity of hospitality employees. International journal of hospitality & tourism administration, 22(1), 26-44.

An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students

Yıl 2024, , 195 - 217, 29.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1240819

Öz

Günümüz dünyasında, kültürlerarası iletişim, küreselleşme nedeniyle kaçınılmaz olarak günlük iletişimin bir parçası haline geldi. Bu nedenle literatürdeki birçok araştırmacı, bireylerin kültürlerarası duyarlılığına odaklanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, sınırlı sayıda araştırma, Summer Work and Travel (SWT) programı katılımcılarına ve kültürlerarası duyarlılık düzeylerini etkileyen faktörlere odaklanmıştır. Bu nedenle, mevcut çalışma, Türkiye'den SWT programı katılımcılarının kültürlerarası duyarlılığını ve onu etkileyen faktörleri ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Ardışık karma yöntem, 129 katılımcı ile beşli Likert ölçeği aracılığıyla veri toplamak için kullanılmıştır. Bunu 10 gönüllü katılımcı ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler izlemiştir. Veri analizinden, SWT programına katılanların yüksek düzeyde kültürlerarası duyarlılığa sahip olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bazı katılımcılar, dil seviyelerinin düşük olması nedeniyle kendilerine daha az güvenirken, dillerini geliştirdikçe ve kültürlerarası ortama uyum sağladıkça daha özgüvenli hale geldiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Araştırmacılar, yüksek IS'nin, program katılımcılarının farklı kültürlerden insanlarla yüksek düzeyde günlük etkileşiminden ve katıldıkları sosyal etkinliklerden kaynaklanmış olabileceği sonucuna varmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Altshuler, L., Sussman, N. M., & Kachur, E. (2003). Assessing changes in intercultural sensitivity among physician trainees using the Intercultural Development Inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 387–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0147-1767(03)00029-4
  • Amuzie, G. L., & Winke, P. (2009). Changes in language learning beliefs as a result of study abroad. System, 37(3), 366-379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2009.02.011
  • Anderson, P. H., Lawton, L., Rexeisen, R. J., & Hubbard, A. C. (2006). Short-term study abroad and intercultural sensitivity: A pilot study. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30(4), 457-469.
  • Brislin, R. W., & Yoshida, T. (1994). Improving intercultural interactions. Multicultural aspects of counselling series. Sage Publications.
  • Carpio, G. J., Torres, A. L. D., Samiran, R., Villera, K. J., & Manguerra-Mahusay, S. (2018). Work and Travel Experiences of Filipino Tourism Students in Selected Universities. Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 5(2), 143-174.
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The Development and Validation of the Intercultural Communication Sensitivity Scale. Human Communication, 3, 1–15.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research (4th ed.). Pearson Publication.
  • Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.
  • Çiftçi, E. Y., Cendel Karaman, A., & Daloğlu, A. (2022). ‘No one is superior to another’: tracing intercultural development in a year longstudy abroad programme, The Language Learning Journal, 50:5, 537-549, DOI:10.1080/09571736.2020.1802770
  • Demir, S., & Üstün, E. (2017). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnik merkezcilik düzeylerinin incelenmesi. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 1-11.
  • Dong, Q., Day, K. D., & Collaço, C. M. (2008). Overcoming ethnocentrism through developing intercultural communication sensitivity and multiculturalism. Human Communication, 11(1), 27–38.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research Methods in Applied Linguistics: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methodologies. Oxford University Press.
  • Engle, L., & Engle, J. (2003). Study abroad levels: Toward a classification of programme types. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 9(1), 1-20.
  • Fidan, N., & Karatepe, Ç. (2021). How do Erasmus Students Evaluate their Language Learning Experience Abroad? Eurasian Journal of Educational Research (EJER), 93, 10-30. DOI: 00.14689/ejer.2021.93.3
  • Fidan, N. (2021). Willingness to Communicate in EFL in the Classroom and Informal Digital Context: Their associations with the Big-Five Personality Traits. [Unpublished master’s thesis], Türkiye.
  • Foster, M. (2017). Understanding the US J-1 Summer Work & Travel Programme: The truths and myths. Retrieved June 10, 2021, from https://swatltd.com/understanding-us-j-1-summer-work-travel-programme-truths-myths/
  • Gürkan, E. (2021). Investigating Intercultural Comminication Sensitivity of First and Fourth Grade ELT Learners. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Bursa Uludağ Üniversity, Türkiye.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Publication.
  • Hammer, M. R., Bennett, M. J., & Wiseman, R. (2003) Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural developmental inventory. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27(4), 421-443.
  • Işık, S. (2019). Investigating instructors’ and pre-service teachers’ intercultural sensitivity in foreign languages department. [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Çukurova University.
  • Jackson, J. (2008). Globalization, internationalization, and short-term stays abroad. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32(4), 349-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2008.04.004
  • Karatepe, Ç., & Dal, T. (2020). Adaptation of Syrian refugees into Turkish culture: Does language proficiency in Turkish help? (pp. 167-184) In Sarıkaya, E. (Ed.) (2020). Theory and Research in Social Human and Administrative Sciences. Gece Akademi Yayınları. ISBN 9786257243674
  • Kitsantas, A. (2004). Studying abroad: the role of college students' goals on the development of cross-cultural skills and global understanding. College Student Journal, 38(3), 441-453.
  • Lin, Y. H., Lee, Y. C., & Wang, S. C. (2012). Analysis of motivation, travel risk, and travel satisfaction of Taiwan undergraduates on work and travel overseas programmemes: Developing measurement scales. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2, 35-46.
  • Landis, D., & Bhagat, R. S. (1996). Handbook of intercultural training (2nd ed). Sage Publications. Manadee, N. (2010). Satisfaction with USA Work and Travel Programme in View of Former Participants. Language Institute, Thammasat University.
  • Medina–López–Portillo, A. (2004). Intercultural learning assessment: The link between programme duration and the development of intercultural sensitivity. Frontiers: The interdisciplinary journal of study abroad, 10(1), 179-200.
  • Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2018). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
  • Neuliep, J., Chaudoir, M., & McCroskey, J. (2001). A cross-cultural comparison of ethnocentrism among Japanese and United States college students. Communication Research Reports, 18, 137–146.
  • Olson, C., & Kroeger, K. R. (2001). Global competency and intercultural sensitivity. Journal of studies in international education, 5(2),116-137.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Pinar, A. (2016). Second Language acquisition in a study abroad context: Findings and research directions. Colombian Applied Linguistics Journal, 18(2), 83-94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/calj.v18n2.9480
  • Pruegger, V. J., & Rogers, T. B. (1994). Cross-cultural sensitivity training: Methods and assessment. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 18(3), 369–387.
  • Rust, K., & Morris, C. (2012). Intercultural competency development in conjunction with a short-term study away experience: Changes in undergraduate students. Proceedings of 18th International Business Research Conference, 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2166515
  • Salisbury, M. H. (2011). The effect of study abroad on intercultural competence among undergraduate college students [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. The University of Iowa.
  • Taşkın, A. (2020). A study on developing tertiary-level EFL learners’ intercultural sensitivity. [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Middle East Technical University, Türkiye.
  • Thaokhamlue, M. (2012). Factors influencing Chiang Mai University’s undergraduate students to participate in Work and Travel Programme in the United States. Chiang Mai University.
  • US Embassy & Consulates in Türkiye (n.d). Summer Work and Travel Exchange Program. https://tr.usembassy.gov/education-culture/summer-work-and-travel-exchange-program/
  • Üstün, E. (2011). Öğretmen adaylarının kültürlerarası duyarlılık ve etnik merkezcilik düzeylerini etkileyen etmenler [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Yıldız Technical University.
  • Wattanavorakijkul, N. (2020). Measuring Intercultural Sensitivity of Thai University Students: Impact of Their Participation in the US Summer Work Travel Programme. Reflections, 27(1), 81-102.
  • Williams, T. R. (2005). Exploring the impact of study abroad on students’ intercultural communication skills: Adaptability and sensitivity. Journal of studies in international education, 9(4), 356-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315305277681
  • Wu, J. F. (2015). Examining Chen and Starosta’s Model of Intercultural Sensitivity in the Taiwanese Cultural Context. International Journal of Modern Education and Computer Science, 6, 1-8.
  • Wujiabudula, A., & Karatepe, Ç. (2020). A study of pre-service ELT teachers’ cultural intelligence and its relationship with metacognitive, cognitive, motivational, and behavioral Cultural Intelligence. European Journal of Applied Linguistics, 3(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.46827/ejals.v3i1.203
  • Yürür, S., Koç, E., Taşkın, C., & Boz, H. (2021). Factors influencing intercultural sensitivity of hospitality employees. International journal of hospitality & tourism administration, 22(1), 26-44.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Eğitim Üzerine Çalışmalar
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ezgi Kıyançiçek 0000-0002-1865-0023

Mervenur Çoban 0000-0003-1317-0677

Çiğdem Karatepe 0000-0002-2902-6656

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ocak 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Ocak 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

APA Kıyançiçek, E., Çoban, M., & Karatepe, Ç. (2024). An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 14(1), 195-217. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1240819
AMA Kıyançiçek E, Çoban M, Karatepe Ç. An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students. AJESI. Ocak 2024;14(1):195-217. doi:10.18039/ajesi.1240819
Chicago Kıyançiçek, Ezgi, Mervenur Çoban, ve Çiğdem Karatepe. “An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 14, sy. 1 (Ocak 2024): 195-217. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1240819.
EndNote Kıyançiçek E, Çoban M, Karatepe Ç (01 Ocak 2024) An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 14 1 195–217.
IEEE E. Kıyançiçek, M. Çoban, ve Ç. Karatepe, “An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students”, AJESI, c. 14, sy. 1, ss. 195–217, 2024, doi: 10.18039/ajesi.1240819.
ISNAD Kıyançiçek, Ezgi vd. “An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International 14/1 (Ocak 2024), 195-217. https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.1240819.
JAMA Kıyançiçek E, Çoban M, Karatepe Ç. An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students. AJESI. 2024;14:195–217.
MLA Kıyançiçek, Ezgi vd. “An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students”. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, c. 14, sy. 1, 2024, ss. 195-17, doi:10.18039/ajesi.1240819.
Vancouver Kıyançiçek E, Çoban M, Karatepe Ç. An Investigation of the Intercultural Sensitivity Levels of Summer Work and Travel Programme Students. AJESI. 2024;14(1):195-217.