Öğretmenlerin Meslekten Ayrılması: Okul Yöneticilerinin Görüşleri

Öz

Öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılması, dünya genelinde önemli bir sorun haline gelmiş olup, birçok öğretmenin emeklilikten önce gönüllü olarak öğretmenliği bırakması, eğitim kalitesini ve okul iklimini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Okul yöneticileri, öğretmenlerin kalma ya da ayrılma kararlarını etkileyebilecek okul ortamlarının şekillenmesinde merkezi bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu nitel araştırma, Türkiye'de devlet okulu yöneticilerinin, öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılmasına neden olan faktörlere ilişkin bakış açılarını incelemektedir. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla 10 devlet okulu yöneticisinden toplanmış ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Veriler, 10 yönetici ile yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler aracılığıyla toplanmış ve tümevarımsal içerik analizi kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular iki ana tema ortaya koymuştur: (1) sınıf yönetimi, örgütsel iklim, iş yükü ve zorunlu hizmet gerekliliklerine ilişkin zorlukları içeren iş yaşamı deneyimleri ve (2) öğretmenlik mesleğinin algılanan statüsü, düşük maaşlar ve alternatif iş olanaklarını içeren kariyer memnuniyetsizliği. Bulgular, yöneticilerin kendi rollerini yorumlama biçimlerinin, meslekten ayrılmaların okullarda nasıl anlaşıldığını ve ele alındığını şekillendirdiğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlara dayanarak, özellikle kariyerinin başındaki öğretmenlere yönelik mentorluk programlarının güçlendirilmesi, yöneticiler için liderlik gelişiminin artırılması, iş yükü yönetimi uygulamalarının iyileştirilmesi, zorunlu hizmetin sosyokültürel boyutlarının yeniden değerlendirilmesi ve öğretmenlerin maddi koşullarının iyileştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• örgütsel iklim
• okul yöneticileri
• okul liderliği
• öğretmenlerin meslekten ayrılması
• öğretmenlik mesleği

Teacher Attrition: Insights from School Administrators

Öz

Teacher attrition has emerged as a critical issue globally, with numerous teachers leaving the profession voluntarily before retirement, negatively affecting educational quality and school climate. School administrators play a central role in shaping school environments that may influence teachers’ decision to stay or leave. This basic qualitative study investigates public school administrators’ perspectives on the influences contributing to teacher attrition in Türkiye. Data were collected from 10 administrators through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using inductive content analysis. Findings revealed two main themes: (1) work life experiences, including challenges related to classroom management, organizational climate, workload, and obligatory service requirements, and (2) career dissatisfaction, including the perceived status of the teaching profession, low salaries, and alternative job opportunities. The findings indicate that administrators’ interpretations of their roles shape how attrition is understood and addressed within schools. Based on the results strengthening mentoring programs particularly for early career teachers, enhancing leadership development for administrators, improving workload management practices, reconsidering sociocultural factors of obligatory service, and improving financial conditions of teachers are recommended.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• organizational climate
• school administrators
• school leadership
• teacher attrition
• teaching profession

Etik Beyan

This research study was conducted with Research Ethics Committee approval of Middle East Technical University, dated 06.08.2021 and issue number 338-ODTU-2021.

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