Tipik Gelişim Gösteren Çocukların Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Kardeşleriyle Etkileşim Becerilerinin Uzman Görüşlerine Göre Belirlenmesi

Öz

Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu (OSB), bireylerin sosyal iletişim ve etkileşim becerilerinde yetersizlikler göstermeleri ve tekrarlayıcı davranış biçimleri sergilemeleriyle ortaya çıkan nörogelişimsel bir durumdur. OSB’li bireylerin özellikle sosyal etkileşim alanında yaşadıkları sınırlılıklar yalnızca akran ilişkilerini değil, aynı zamanda kardeş ilişkilerini de doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, tipik gelişim gösteren (TGG) çocukların OSB olan kardeşleriyle etkili etkileşim kurabilmeleri için hangi temel becerilere sahip olmaları gerektiğinin belirlenmesi, hem aile içi ilişkilerin güçlendirilmesi hem de özel eğitim uygulamalarının etkinliğinin artırılması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, TGG çocukların OSB olan kardeşleriyle etkili bir etkileşim kurabilmeleri ve sürdürebilmeleri için gerekli temel becerilerin, alan uzmanlarının görüşlerine dayalı olarak belirlenmesidir. Ayrıca, bu becerilerin desteklenmesine yönelik olarak hazırlanacak müdahale programının içeriğine ilişkin önerilerin geliştirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden Delphi tekniği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, 11 akademisyen, beş çocuk gelişimi uzmanı, iki özel eğitim öğretmeni ve bir okul öncesi öğretmeni olmak üzere toplam 19 uzmanın katılımıyla üç tur halinde tamamlanmıştır. Üçüncü tur anketi sonunda, belirlenen ölçütlere göre altı yeterlik maddesinde uzmanlar arasında uzlaşı sağlanmıştır. Uzlaşı sağlanan maddeler; oyun oynama, yardım isteme ve etkileşimsel durumlara tepki verme temalarına ilişkindir. Araştırma sonuçları, TGG çocuklar ile OSB’li kardeşleri arasındaki etkileşimin geliştirilmesine yönelik yapılabilecek uygulamalara ilişkin önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve aile rehberliği ile özel eğitim uygulamalarına anlamlı bir temel oluşturmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Delphi tekniği
• kardeş ilişkileri
• Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu olan kardeş
• tipik gelişim gösteren kardeş

Determining the Interaction Skills of Typically Developing Children with Their Siblings with Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on Expert Opinions

Öz

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in individuals’ social communication and interaction skills, accompanied by repetitive patterns of behavior. The limitations experienced by individuals with ASD, particularly in the domain of social interaction, directly affect not only their peer relationships but also their sibling relationships. Therefore, determining the fundamental skills that typically developing (TD) children need to establish effective interactions with their siblings with ASD is of great importance for strengthening family relationships and enhancing the effectiveness of special education practices. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify, based on expert opinions, the core skills required for TD children to establish and maintain effective interactions with their siblings with ASD. Furthermore, the study aims to develop recommendations regarding the content of an intervention program designed to support these skills. The Delphi technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was employed in the study. The study was completed in three rounds with the participation of a total of 19 experts, including 11 academicians, five child development specialists, two special education teachers, and one preschool teacher. By the end of the third-round questionnaire, consensus among experts was reached on six competency items according to the established criteria. The items on which consensus was achieved were related to the themes of playing, seeking help, and responding to interactive situations. The findings of the study provide valuable insights into practices that can enhance interactions between TD children and their siblings with ASD and offer a meaningful foundation for family guidance and special education practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Delphi technique
• sibling relationships
• sibling with Autism Spectrum Disorder
• typically developing sibling

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