Ergenlikte Dijital Ayak İzleri: Sosyal medya gizlilik koruma becerilerinin çevresel, etkileşimsel ve bilişsel belirleyicileri

Öz

Bu araştırma, adölesanların sosyal medya gizlilik koruma becerilerinin dijital davranışlarını şekillendiren demografik, çevresel, etkileşimsel ve kullanım amacıyla ilişkili boyutlara göre nasıl farklılık gösterdiğini ve bu becerilerin sosyal medya kullanım amaçları ile çevrimiçi arkadaş profilleriyle nasıl ilişkili olduğunu incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmaya Türkiye’nin 81 ilinden 10–18 yaş aralığında toplam 12.194 adölesan (5.275 ortaokul ve 6.919 lise öğrencisi) katılmıştır. Veriler, geçerli ve güvenilir Sosyal Medya Gizlilik Koruma Becerileri Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Adölesanların demografik özelliklerinin ve çevrimiçi davranışlarının gizlilik koruma becerilerini nasıl etkilediğini belirlemek için betimsel istatistikler, bağımsız örneklem t-testleri, tek yönlü ANOVA ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, kız öğrenciler, daha büyük yaş grupları ve kentsel bölgelerde yaşayan adölesanlar; erkek, daha küçük yaş grupları ve kırsal bölgelerde yaşayan akranlarına kıyasla daha yüksek gizlilik koruma becerileri sergilemiştir. Günlük sosyal medya kullanım süresinin artması ve hesap sayısının fazla olması daha düşük beceri düzeyleriyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Sosyal medyayı bilgi edinme, gündemi takip etme veya akademik amaçlarla kullanan ve arkadaş listelerinde aile bireylerine yer veren adölesanların gizlilik becerileri daha güçlü bulunmuştur. Buna karşın, eğlence, görünürlük artırma ya da ekonomik kazanım odaklı kullanım ile tanımadıkları kişileri arkadaş listesine ekleme davranışları daha zayıf gizlilik becerileriyle ilişkili olmuştur. Bulgular, adölesanların sosyal medyada gizlilik koruma becerilerinin demografik, davranışsal ve kullanım amacına dayalı çeşitli faktörlere göre anlamlı biçimde değiştiğini göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, erken ergenlik döneminden itibaren aile ve akran katılımıyla desteklenen, yapılandırılmış ve gelişimsel açıdan uygun dijital gizlilik eğitimlerine duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır. Bu tür eğitim programlarının okul müfredatlarına ve günlük dijital pratiklere entegre edilmesi; adölesanların dijital okuryazarlık, farkındalık ve öz-düzenleme becerilerinin güçlenmesine, dolayısıyla daha güvenli ve sorumlu sosyal medya kullanımına katkı sağlayabilir. Özellikle görünürlük ve popüler kültür odaklı etkileşimlerin düşük gizlilik becerileriyle ilişkili olması, popülerlik yerine değer temelli dijital davranışların teşvik edilmesinin çevrimiçi güvenliği artırmada kritik önem taşıdığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Adölesanlar
• Dijital Okuryazarlık
• Çevrim İçi Davranış
• Sosyal Medya
• Sosyal Medya Gizliliği

Destekleyen Kurum

Bu araştırma herhangi bir kurum, kuruluş veya fon kuruluşundan destek almamıştır.

Etik Beyan

Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu'nun 23.02.2022 tarihli toplantısında alınan 02/11 numaralı kararı ile uygun görülmüştür.

Teşekkür

Türkiye’nin 81 ilinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerden veri toplanması sürecine destek veren Millî Eğitim Bakanlığına bağlı tüm öğretmenlere en içten teşekkürlerimi sunarım. Ayrıca, bu çalışmanın yürütülebilmesi için Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırma Etik Kurulundan etik onay alınması sürecindeki değerli katkıları ve destekleri dolayısıyla Prof. Dr. Nilgün Tosun’a içtenlikle teşekkür ederim.

Digital Footprints in Adolescence: Environmental, Interactive, and Cognitive Determinants of Social Media Privacy Protection Skills

Öz

This study aims to examine how adolescents’ social media privacy protection skills differ across demographic, environmental, interactive, and usage-purpose–related dimensions that shape their digital behaviour, and how these skills relate to their social media usage purposes and online friend profiles. A large-scale sample of 12,194 adolescents aged 10–18, reached through a convenience sampling approach via online data collection across 81 provinces in Türkiye, participated in the study (5,275 secondary school and 6,919 high school). Data were collected using the validated Social Media Privacy Protection Skills Scale. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine how adolescents’ demographics and online behaviors affect their privacy protection skills. Female, older, and urban adolescents demonstrated higher privacy protection skills than their male, younger, and rural peers. More daily social media use and a higher number of accounts were associated with lower skill levels. Adolescents who used social media for information acquisition, agenda following, or academic purposes, and those who included family members in their friend lists, showed stronger privacy protection skills. In contrast, entertainment, visibility, and economic-oriented use, as well as adding unfamiliar individuals to friend lists, were linked to weaker skills. The findings show that adolescents’ privacy protection skills on social media vary significantly across demographic, behavioural, and usage-related factors. These results highlight the need for structured and developmentally appropriate digital privacy education beginning in early adolescence and supported by family and peer engagement. Integrating such programs into school curricula and everyday digital practices may strengthen adolescents’ digital literacy, awareness, and self-regulation skills, enabling safer and more responsible social media use. Because visibility-driven and popular-culture-oriented engagement is associated with lower privacy skills, encouraging value-based rather than popularity-driven digital behaviour is essential for fostering safer online practices.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• adolescents
• digital literacy
• online behaviour
• social media
• social media privacy

Destekleyen Kurum

This research did not receive support from any institution, organization, or funding agency

Etik Beyan

This study was approved by the Trakya University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee with the decision numbered 02/11, dated 23 February 2022.

Teşekkür

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all teachers affiliated with the Ministry of National Education who supported the data collection process involving students from all 81 provinces of Türkiye. I would also like to extend my heartfelt thanks to Nilgün Tosun for her invaluable support and contributions in obtaining the ethical approval from the Trakya University Social and Human Sciences Research Ethics Committee, which made this study possible.

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