The Role of Computer Technologies in Restructuring of Design Education

Öz

Today it’s possible to create works where interdisciplinary multi-dimensional ideas can be modelled via definite algorithms thanks to parametric design tools. This change in the field of design converts the re-setup of the design education obligatory along with it. For this primarily a literature seach is conducted within the scope of the study in order to determine the advantages to be provided to students by parametric design tools, being totally different from the traditional design sense, and it is seen that the advantages in question are basicly clustered under 25 main topics. In this context is the scope and purpose of the study determined as; to re-scruntinize the advantages provided by the parametric design tools determined in the literature and to test these on real projects and to reveal the necessity to integrate computer technologies into this process during the structuring process of the education with real samples. As the methodology of the study 20 projects, developed with computer technologies, are selected. Then, every project is handled one by one and scruntinized whether the advantages provided by parametric design tools are benefited from during the development process of these projects. As a result of all evaluations performed within the scope of the study, it is determined that the advantages provided by parametric design tools are benefited from at different levels during the development process of these projects. In line with all these determinations, it is revealed with real samples that the integration of computer technologies into the design education will significantly contribute to the professional skills of the students.

Kaynakça

1. Aish, R. and Woodbury, R. (2005).Multi-level Interaction in Parametric Design, Smart Graphics-Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3638, pp 151-162.
2. Archdaily. (2013). The Realization of the “Cosmic Quilt” / The Principals, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.archdaily.com/239547/the-realization-of-the-cosmic-quilt-the-principals/.
3. Archilibs. (2013). Dome Made out of Hundreds of Ultralight Aluminum Flowers, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://archilibs.com/dome-made-out-of-hundreds-of-ultralight-aluminum-flowers/.
4. Arch20. (2013). Laboratory For Sensual Experiences Lamps |Stefan Wielder, Retrieved December 7, 2013 from http://www.arch2o.com/laboratory-for-sensual-experiences-lamps-stefan-wielder/.
5. Çakıcı A, N., Baş Yıldırım, N. and Aydın, A. (2014). Işık Gölge Arayüzünde: Bir Sayısal Tasarım ve Üretim Sürecini Öğrencilerle Deneyimlemek, Mimarist, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Dergisi, Vol.14 , No.49, pp.76-81.
6. Baek, S.Y and Lee, K. (2012). Parametric Human Body Shape Modeling Framework For Human-Centered Product Design, Computer-Aided Design, Vol.44, pp. 56–67.
7. BFDO Architectural Plic. (2012). Prickly Pear for Nicola Formichetti, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.barkerfreeman.com/hospitality/pricklypear.html.
8. Bojovic, M. (2013). A Sonic Shade of Light, Retrieved January 2, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/a-sonic-shade-of-light/#more-27927.

9. Bozzi, N. (2012). Your Sound Galaxy by Olafur Eliasson-Design+Ar+Math, Retrieved December 15, 2013 from http://www.frameweb.com/news/your-sound-galaxy-by-olafur-eliasson.
10. Burry, M. (1996). Parametric design and the Sagrada Familia, Architectural Research Quarterly, Vol.1, Issue 04, pp. 70-81.
11. Chepi, Y. (2013). Laboratory For Sensual Experiences Lamps|Stefan Wielder, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.arch2o.com/laboratory-for-sensual-experiences-lamps-stefan-wielder/.
12. Contemporist. (2012). Undulus by Scott Jarvie, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.contemporist.com/2012/07/23/undulus-by-scott-jarvie/.
13. Dave. (2011). The Kinema Pendant Luminaire by Stuart Fingerhut, Retrieved December 22, 2013 from http://www.contemporist.com/2011/01/23/the-kinema-pendant-luminaire-by-stuart-fingerhut/kp_230111_02/.
14. Decodeine. (2013). 3D Printed Momentum Light, Retrieved December 17, 2013 from http://www.decodeine.cn/3d%20printed%20LED%20Light%20series%20margot%20krasojevic.pdf.
15. Designalmic. (2013). VorteXX Chandelier / Zaha Hadid & Patrik Schumacher, Retrieved December 14, 2013 from http://designalmic.com/vortexx-chandelier-zaha-hadid-patrik-schumacher/.
16. Designboom. (2012). Atelier Brueckner: Gs Caltex Pavilion, Retrieved December 14, 2013 from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/atelier-brueckner-gs-caltex-pavilion/.
17. Enlighter Magazine. (2013). The Storm Breaks: Moulder’s Mammatus Arrives by Cristopher Moulder, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.enlightermagazine.com/projects/storm-breaks-moulder%E2%80%99s-mammatus.
18. Escobedo, J. (2012). Bamboo Lamp ‘Flow’ Brings Safety Ashore / Alberto Vasquez, Retrieved December 22, 2013 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/bamboo-lamp-flow-brings-safety-ashore-alberto-vasquez/#more-19691.
19. Evolo. (2012a). A Lamp which Produces an Electrical Current as a Result of it’s Kinetic Energy, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/a-lamp-which-produces-an-electrical-current-as-a-result-of-its-kinetic-energy/#more-21969.
20. Evolo. (2012b). GS Caltex Pavilion for the 2012 Korea Expo / Atelier Brückner, Retrieved January 5, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/gs-caltex-pavilion-for-the-2012-korea-expo-atelier-bruckner/.
21. Evolo. (2012c). Chroma[RED] Light Installation, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/chromared-light-installation/#more-18089.
22. Evolo. (2013).Dome Made out of Hundreds of Ultralight Aluminum Flowers, Retrieved January 4, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/dome-made-out-of-hundreds-of-ultralight-aluminum-flowers/#more-22712.
23. Granadeiro, V., Duarte, J.P., Correia, J. R. and Leal, V.M.S. (2013). Building Envelope Shape Design In Early Stages of The Design Process: Integrating Architectural Design Systems And Energy Simulation, Automation in Construction, Vol.32, pp.196-209.
24. Grozdanic, L. (2012a). Cosmic Quilt-Reactive Architectural Environment / The Principals, Retrieved January 6, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/cosmic-quilt-reactive-architectural-environment-the-principals/#more-18231.
25. Grozdanic, L. (2012b). LivingSculpture 3D Module System / Whitevoid, Retrieved January 6, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/livingsculpture-3d-module-system-whitevoid/#more-20706.
26. Grozdanic, L. (2012c). Succulent Hispid-Responsive Lighting Structure Inspired By Plants, Retrieved January 3, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/succulent-hispid-responsive-lighting-structure-inspired-by-plants/#more-18225.
27. Grozdanic, L. (2012d). Troika’s LED Chandelier brings Motion into Energy-efficient Design, Retrieved January 6, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/troikas-led-chandelier-brings-motion-into-energy-efficient-design/#more-16986.
28. Grozdanic, L. (2012e). Kinema Pendant Luminaire / Stuart Fingerhut, Retrieved January 8, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/kinema-pendant-luminaire-stuart-fingerhut/#more-16775.
29. Hanna, S. and Turner, A. (2006). Teaching Parametric Design in Code and Construction, Sigradi-Education and Desarrollo Academico, pp.158-161.
30. Havemann, S and Fellner, D.W. (2004). Generative parametric design of Gothic window tracery, VAST'04 Proceedings of the 5th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage, pp.193-201.
31. Hernandez, C.R.B. (2006). Thinking Parametric Design: Introducing Parametric Gaudi, Design Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 309-324.
32. Hennessy, J.L. and Patterson, D.A. (2006). Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Morgan Kaufmann, pp.8-14.
33. Holzer, D., Richard Hough, R. and Burry, M. (2009). Parametric Design and Structural Optimisation for Early Design Exploration, International Journal of Architectural Computing, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 625-643.
34. Hudson, R. (2010). Strategies for Parametric Design in Architecture, A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, pp.3.
35. H8-Online Magazine for Designers. (2013). HouseSwarming Installation is an Environment-Sensing Device / Didier Hess, Retrieved January 2, 2014 from http://reader24h.com/architecture-hide/627-houseswarming-installation-is-an-environment-sensing-device-didier-hess.
36. Jaffal, I., Inard, C. and Bozonnet, E. (2012). Toward Integrated Building Design: A Parametric Method For Evaluating Heating Demand, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol.40, pp. 267-274.
37. Kolarevic, B. (2003) Dijital Morphogenesis, B. Kolarevic (Ed.), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon.Press.
38. Lee, G., Sacks, R and Eastman, C.M. (2006). Specifying Parametric Building Object Behavior (BOB) For a Building Information Modeling System, Automation in Construction, Vol. 15, pp.758- 776.
39. Lee, J.H., Gu, N., Ostwald, M.J and Jupp, J. (2013). Understanding Cognitive Activities in Parametric Design, Global Design and Local Materialization, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol.369, pp 38-49.
40. Lumiblade. (2013). The World of OLED Lighting-Living Sculpture 3D module system, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.lumiblade-experience.com/livingsculpture.html.
41. Mark, E. (2012). Optimizing Solar Insolation in Transformable Fabric Architecture: A Parametric Search Design Process, Automation in Construction, Vol.22, pp.2-11.
42. Nembrinia, J., Sambergera, S. and Labelleba, G. (2014). Parametric Scripting for Early Design Performance Simulation, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 68, pp. 786-798.
43. Oxman, R. (2008). Digital architecture as a challenge for design pedagogy: theory, knowledge, models and medium, Design Studies, Vol 29, No.2, pp.99-120.
44. Oxman, R. (2012). Informed Tectonics in material-based Design, Design Studies, Vol 33, No. 5, pp.427-455.
45. Pacheco, A. (2012). Your Sound Galaxy/ Olafur Eliasson, Retrieved from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/your-sound-galaxy-olafur-eliasson/#more-19433.
46. Park, S.M., Elnimeiri, M. Sharpe, D.C. (2004). Krawczyk, R.J. Tall Building Form Generation by Parametric Design Process, CTBUH 2004 Seoul Conference, pp.1-7.
47. Punch, S. (2013). Sucker Punch, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2011/09/06/clove-lamp/.
48. Szalapaj, P. (2005). Contemporary Architectures and Digital Design Process, Architectural Press, Oxford, pp. 6.
49. Turrin, M, Buelow, P.V. and Stouffs, R. (2011). Design Explorations of Performance Driven Geometry in Architectural Design Using Parametric Modeling and Genetic Algorithms, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 25, pp. 656-675.
50. Verchota, G.C. and Vogel, A.L. (2000). Nonsystems and Area Integral Estimates, Proceedings of American Mathematical Society, pp. 453-462.
51. Voxel Studio. (2012). Cocoon Lamp, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://voxel-studio.de/10762/161595/gallery/cocoon-lamp.
52. Wang, Y. and Duarte, J.P. (2002). Automatic Generation and Fabrication of Design, Automation in Construction, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 291–302.
53. Wu, M. and Ma, Z. (2012). The Realization of Nonlinear Architectural on the Parametric Model, 2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials Science, Physics Procedia Vol.25, pp.1470-1475.
54. Yazıcıoğlu, D.A. (2011a). The Integration of Interior Architecture Education With Digital Design Approaches, US-China Edition Review, David Publishing Company, Illinois, USA, Vol.8, No.5, pp.637-658.
55. Yazıcıoğlu, D.A. (2011b). Bilgisayar Teknolojilerinin Günümüz Sanat ve Tasarım Anlayışına Olan Etkileri, Sanat-Tasarım Dergisi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Vol.1, No.2, pp.17.
56. Aish, R. and Woodbury, R. (2005).Multi-level Interaction in Parametric Design, Smart Graphics-Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 3638, pp 151-162.
57. Archdaily. (2013). The Realization of the “Cosmic Quilt” / The Principals, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.archdaily.com/239547/the-realization-of-the-cosmic-quilt-the-principals/.
58. Archilibs. (2013). Dome Made out of Hundreds of Ultralight Aluminum Flowers, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://archilibs.com/dome-made-out-of-hundreds-of-ultralight-aluminum-flowers/.
59. Arch20. (2013). Laboratory For Sensual Experiences Lamps |Stefan Wielder, Retrieved December 7, 2013 from http://www.arch2o.com/laboratory-for-sensual-experiences-lamps-stefan-wielder/.
60. Çakıcı A, N., Baş Yıldırım, N. and Aydın, A. (2014). Işık Gölge Arayüzünde: Bir Sayısal Tasarım ve Üretim Sürecini Öğrencilerle Deneyimlemek, Mimarist, TMMOB Mimarlar Odası Dergisi, Vol.14 , No.49, pp.76-81.
61. Baek, S.Y and Lee, K. (2012). Parametric Human Body Shape Modeling Framework For Human-Centered Product Design, Computer-Aided Design, Vol.44, pp. 56–67.
62. BFDO Architectural Plic. (2012). Prickly Pear for Nicola Formichetti, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.barkerfreeman.com/hospitality/pricklypear.html.
63. Bojovic, M. (2013). A Sonic Shade of Light, Retrieved January 2, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/a-sonic-shade-of-light/#more-27927.
64. Bozzi, N. (2012). Your Sound Galaxy by Olafur Eliasson-Design+Ar+Math, Retrieved December 15, 2013 from http://www.frameweb.com/news/your-sound-galaxy-by-olafur-eliasson.
65. Burry, M. (1996). Parametric design and the Sagrada Familia, Architectural Research Quarterly, Vol.1, Issue 04, pp. 70-81.
66. Chepi, Y. (2013). Laboratory For Sensual Experiences Lamps|Stefan Wielder, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.arch2o.com/laboratory-for-sensual-experiences-lamps-stefan-wielder/.
67. Contemporist. (2012). Undulus by Scott Jarvie, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.contemporist.com/2012/07/23/undulus-by-scott-jarvie/.
68. Dave. (2011). The Kinema Pendant Luminaire by Stuart Fingerhut, Retrieved December 22, 2013 from http://www.contemporist.com/2011/01/23/the-kinema-pendant-luminaire-by-stuart-fingerhut/kp_230111_02/.
69. Decodeine. (2013). 3D Printed Momentum Light, Retrieved December 17, 2013 from http://www.decodeine.cn/3d%20printed%20LED%20Light%20series%20margot%20krasojevic.pdf.
70. Designalmic. (2013). VorteXX Chandelier / Zaha Hadid & Patrik Schumacher, Retrieved December 14, 2013 from http://designalmic.com/vortexx-chandelier-zaha-hadid-patrik-schumacher/.
71. Designboom. (2012). Atelier Brueckner: Gs Caltex Pavilion, Retrieved December 14, 2013 from http://www.designboom.com/architecture/atelier-brueckner-gs-caltex-pavilion/.
72. Enlighter Magazine. (2013). The Storm Breaks: Moulder’s Mammatus Arrives by Cristopher Moulder, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.enlightermagazine.com/projects/storm-breaks-moulder%E2%80%99s-mammatus.
73. Escobedo, J. (2012). Bamboo Lamp ‘Flow’ Brings Safety Ashore / Alberto Vasquez, Retrieved December 22, 2013 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/bamboo-lamp-flow-brings-safety-ashore-alberto-vasquez/#more-19691.
74. Evolo. (2012a). A Lamp which Produces an Electrical Current as a Result of it’s Kinetic Energy, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/a-lamp-which-produces-an-electrical-current-as-a-result-of-its-kinetic-energy/#more-21969.
75. Evolo. (2012b). GS Caltex Pavilion for the 2012 Korea Expo / Atelier Brückner, Retrieved January 5, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/gs-caltex-pavilion-for-the-2012-korea-expo-atelier-bruckner/.
76. Evolo. (2012c). Chroma[RED] Light Installation, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/chromared-light-installation/#more-18089.
77. Evolo. (2013).Dome Made out of Hundreds of Ultralight Aluminum Flowers, Retrieved January 4, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/dome-made-out-of-hundreds-of-ultralight-aluminum-flowers/#more-22712.
78. Granadeiro, V., Duarte, J.P., Correia, J. R. and Leal, V.M.S. (2013). Building Envelope Shape Design In Early Stages of The Design Process: Integrating Architectural Design Systems And Energy Simulation, Automation in Construction, Vol.32, pp.196-209.
79. Grozdanic, L. (2012a). Cosmic Quilt-Reactive Architectural Environment / The Principals, Retrieved January 6, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/cosmic-quilt-reactive-architectural-environment-the-principals/#more-18231.
80. Grozdanic, L. (2012b). LivingSculpture 3D Module System / Whitevoid, Retrieved January 6, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/livingsculpture-3d-module-system-whitevoid/#more-20706.
81. Grozdanic, L. (2012c). Succulent Hispid-Responsive Lighting Structure Inspired By Plants, Retrieved January 3, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/succulent-hispid-responsive-lighting-structure-inspired-by-plants/#more-18225.
82. Grozdanic, L. (2012d). Troika’s LED Chandelier brings Motion into Energy-efficient Design, Retrieved January 6, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/troikas-led-chandelier-brings-motion-into-energy-efficient-design/#more-16986.
83. Grozdanic, L. (2012e). Kinema Pendant Luminaire / Stuart Fingerhut, Retrieved January 8, 2014 from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/kinema-pendant-luminaire-stuart-fingerhut/#more-16775.
84. Hanna, S. and Turner, A. (2006). Teaching Parametric Design in Code and Construction, Sigradi-Education and Desarrollo Academico, pp.158-161.
85. Havemann, S and Fellner, D.W. (2004). Generative parametric design of Gothic window tracery, VAST'04 Proceedings of the 5th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage, pp.193-201.
86. Hernandez, C.R.B. (2006). Thinking Parametric Design: Introducing Parametric Gaudi, Design Studies, Vol. 27, pp. 309-324.
87. Hennessy, J.L. and Patterson, D.A. (2006). Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Morgan Kaufmann, pp.8-14.
88. Holzer, D., Richard Hough, R. and Burry, M. (2009). Parametric Design and Structural Optimisation for Early Design Exploration, International Journal of Architectural Computing, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 625-643.
89. Hudson, R. (2010). Strategies for Parametric Design in Architecture, A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, pp.3.
90. H8-Online Magazine for Designers. (2013). HouseSwarming Installation is an Environment-Sensing Device / Didier Hess, Retrieved January 2, 2014 from http://reader24h.com/architecture-hide/627-houseswarming-installation-is-an-environment-sensing-device-didier-hess.
91. Jaffal, I., Inard, C. and Bozonnet, E. (2012). Toward Integrated Building Design: A Parametric Method For Evaluating Heating Demand, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol.40, pp. 267-274.
92. Kolarevic, B. (2003) Dijital Morphogenesis, B. Kolarevic (Ed.), Architecture in the Digital Age: Design and Manufacturing, Spon.Press.
93. Lee, G., Sacks, R and Eastman, C.M. (2006). Specifying Parametric Building Object Behavior (BOB) For a Building Information Modeling System, Automation in Construction, Vol. 15, pp.758- 776.
94. Lee, J.H., Gu, N., Ostwald, M.J and Jupp, J. (2013). Understanding Cognitive Activities in Parametric Design, Global Design and Local Materialization, Communications in Computer and Information Science, Vol.369, pp 38-49.
95. Lumiblade. (2013). The World of OLED Lighting-Living Sculpture 3D module system, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.lumiblade-experience.com/livingsculpture.html.
96. Mark, E. (2012). Optimizing Solar Insolation in Transformable Fabric Architecture: A Parametric Search Design Process, Automation in Construction, Vol.22, pp.2-11.
97. Nembrinia, J., Sambergera, S. and Labelleba, G. (2014). Parametric Scripting for Early Design Performance Simulation, Energy and Buildings, Vol. 68, pp. 786-798.
98. Oxman, R. (2008). Digital architecture as a challenge for design pedagogy: theory, knowledge, models and medium, Design Studies, Vol 29, No.2, pp.99-120.
99. Oxman, R. (2012). Informed Tectonics in material-based Design, Design Studies, Vol 33, No. 5, pp.427-455.
100. Pacheco, A. (2012). Your Sound Galaxy/ Olafur Eliasson, Retrieved from http://www.evolo.us/architecture/your-sound-galaxy-olafur-eliasson/#more-19433.
101. Park, S.M., Elnimeiri, M. Sharpe, D.C. (2004). Krawczyk, R.J. Tall Building Form Generation by Parametric Design Process, CTBUH 2004 Seoul Conference, pp.1-7.
102. Punch, S. (2013). Sucker Punch, Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.suckerpunchdaily.com/2011/09/06/clove-lamp/.
103. Szalapaj, P. (2005). Contemporary Architectures and Digital Design Process, Architectural Press, Oxford, pp. 6.
104. Turrin, M, Buelow, P.V. and Stouffs, R. (2011). Design Explorations of Performance Driven Geometry in Architectural Design Using Parametric Modeling and Genetic Algorithms, Advanced Engineering Informatics, Vol. 25, pp. 656-675.
105. Verchota, G.C. and Vogel, A.L. (2000). Nonsystems and Area Integral Estimates, Proceedings of American Mathematical Society, pp. 453-462.
106. Voxel Studio. (2012). Cocoon Lamp, Retrieved December 10, 2013 from http://voxel-studio.de/10762/161595/gallery/cocoon-lamp.
107. Wang, Y. and Duarte, J.P. (2002). Automatic Generation and Fabrication of Design, Automation in Construction, Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 291–302.
108. Wu, M. and Ma, Z. (2012). The Realization of Nonlinear Architectural on the Parametric Model, 2012 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials Science, Physics Procedia Vol.25, pp.1470-1475.
109. Yazıcıoğlu, D.A. (2011a). The Integration of Interior Architecture Education With Digital Design Approaches, US-China Edition Review, David Publishing Company, Illinois, USA, Vol.8, No.5, pp.637-658.
110. Yazıcıoğlu, D.A. (2011b). Bilgisayar Teknolojilerinin Günümüz Sanat ve Tasarım Anlayışına Olan Etkileri, Sanat-Tasarım Dergisi, Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Vol.1, No.2, pp.17.