Erken Çocuklukta Matematik Becerileri: Çeşitli Değişkenler ve Erken Matematik Müdahale Programları

Öz

Okul öncesi dönemde edinilen nitelikli matematik kavram ve becerileri, çocukların matematik başarısını artırmasının yanı sıra farklı etkinliklerle bütünleştirilerek diğer öğrenme alanlarını da desteklemektedir. Küçük yaşta matematik becerilerinin desteklenmesi, çocukların akademik başarılarına yansıyan bir etken olarak pek çok araştırma ile tespit edilmiştir. Bu nedenle, çocukların ileriki yıllarda matematik alanındaki yetersizlikleri ile mücadele etmek ve onları başarılı bir okul hayatına hazırlamak için okul öncesi dönemde matematik becerilerinde görülen bireysel farklılıkları anlamak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Sosyoekonomik düzey, etnik köken, özel gereksinim gibi farklı özellikleri göz önünde bulundurarak oluşturulan matematik etkinlikleri ve uygulamaları tüm çocukların gereksinimlerini karşılamada yardımcı olacaktır. Özellikle sosyoekonomik durum ve özel gereksinim, çocukların matematik performanslarında farklılıkların önemli etkenleri olarak karşımıza çıkmakta ve bu gruplarda yer alan çocuklar matematik başarısı açısından dezavantajlı ya da risk grupları olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Son yıllarda ulusal alanyazında okul öncesi dönemde matematik eğitimine yönelik çalışmalar artış göstermektedir. Bu noktada dezavantajlı gruplarda erken matematik becerilerinin gelişimi ve desteklenmesi de önemli görülmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, erken çocukluk döneminde matematik becerilerini etkileyen değişkenler ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca sosyoekonomik durum ve özel gereksinime sahip olma değişkenleri kapsamında dezavantajlı grupta yer alan çocuklar için geliştirilmiş araştırma temelli, sistemli erken matematik müdahale programları incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, okul öncesi dönemde dezavantajlı grupta yer alan çocukların matematik becerilerini desteklemek için kendi kültürümüze, programımıza yönelik oluşturulacak araştırma temelli matematik müdahale programlarının çocuklar için yararlı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dezavantajlı çocuklar
• erken çocukluk eğitimi
• erken matematik müdahale programı
• erken matematik becerileri

Mathematical Skills in Early Childhood: Various Variables and Early Mathematics Intervention Programs

Öz

In addition to increasing the mathematics achievement of children, the qualified mathematical concepts and skills acquired in preschool period support other learning areas by integrating them with different activities. Supporting math skills at a young age has been identified by many studies as a factor that reflects on children's academic success. It is of great importance to understand the individual differences in mathematics skills in the preschool period in order to cope with the inadequacies of children in the field of mathematics and to prepare them for a successful school life. Mathematical activities and practices created by considering different characteristics such as socioeconomic level, ethnicity, special needs will help to meet the needs of all children. In particular, socioeconomic status and special needs appear as important factors of differences in children's mathematics performance, and children in these groups are considered disadvantaged or risk groups in terms of mathemetics achievement. In recent years, studies on mathematics education in preschool education have been increasing in the national literature. At this point, the development of early mathematics skills in disadvantaged groups and how they are supported seems important. In this review study, the variables that affect math skills in early childhood are discussed. At the same time, research-based, systematic early mathematics intervention programs developed for children in the disadvantaged group within the scope of socioeconomic status and having special needs variables are examined. As a result of the study, it is thought that research-based mathematics intervention programs that will be created for our own culture and program in order to support the mathematics skills of children in the disadvantaged group in preschool education may be benefical for children.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• disadvantage children
• early childhood education
• early mathematic intervention program
• early mathematic skills

Kaynakça

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