Elevation dependent variation of volatile compositions of some endemic and medicinally important plant species

Abstract

Background and aims In this study, the elevation-dependent variations in the volatile components of the flowers and leaves of three endemic plant species native to Türkiye, Hypericum aviculariifolium Jaub. & Spach, subsp. depilatum (Freyn & Bornm.) Robson var. depilatum, Stachys cretica L. subsp. anatolica Rech.f., and Phlomis nissolii L., were investigated. Methods The analysis was conducted using the Headspace Solid-Phase Micro-Extraction (HS-SPME) method with three replicates. Results 101 compounds were identified in H. aviculariifolium subsp. depilatum var. depilatum, 79 in S. cretica subsp. anatolica, and 81 in P. nissolii. In H. aviculariifolium subsp. depilatum var. depilatum, the major flower compounds were trans-Caryophyllene and Hendecane at lower altitudes, and alpha-Pinene and alpha-Selinene at higher altitudes; in leaves, Carvacrol and Thymol dominated at lower altitudes, while beta-Elemene and alpha-Copaene were prevalent at higher altitudes. For S. cretica subsp. anatolica, Benzaldehyde and alpha-Pinene were detected as the main compounds at the lower and upper elevations in flowers. In leaves, Benzaldehyde and alpha-pinene were the main constituents at lower elevation, while Benzaldehyde and Germacrene D were the main constituents at upper elevation. In P. nissolii, trans-Caryophyllene and Germacrene D were the main compounds in both flowers and leaves at both altitudes. Conclusions It has been observed that this variability in plant volatile compounds is affected by other environmental factors such as altitude, geographical location, genetic structure, the parts of the plant examined (morphological structure), and the analysis method used. These results reveal that plant chemical profiles can show significant changes depending on ecological factors.

Keywords

• Endemic plants
• HS-SPME analysis
• volatile compounds
• elevation

Bazı endemik ve tıbbi öneme sahip bitki türlerinin uçucu bileşenlerinin yükseltiye bağlı değişimi

Öz

Giriş ve Hedefler Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’ye özgü 3 endemik bitki türü olan Hypericum aviculariifolium Jaub. & Spach, subsp. depilatum (Freyn & Bornm.) Robson var. depilatum, Stachys cretica L. subsp. anatolica Rech.f. ve Phlomis nissolii L.’nin çiçek ve yapraklarının uçucu bileşenlerinin yükseltiye bağlı değişimleri incelenmiştir. Yöntemler Tepe Boşluğu – Katı Faz Mikro Ekstraksiyon (Headspace Solid Phase Micro-Extraction-HS-SPME) yöntemi ile 3 tekerrürlü şekilde analiz yapıldı. Bulgular Analizler sonucunda H. aviculariifolium subsp. depilatum var. depilatum’da 101, S. cretica subsp. anatolica’da 79 ve P. nissolii’de 81 bileşen tespit edilmiştir. H. aviculariifolium subsp. depilatum var. depilatum’da çiçeklerde alt yükseltide trans-Caryophyllene ve Hendecane, üst yükseltide alpha- Pinene ve alpha- Selinene, yapraklarda alt yükseltide Carvacrol ve Thymol, üst yükseltide beta- Elemene ve alpha- Copaene ana bileşen olarak belirlenmiştir. S. cretica subsp. anatolica’da çiçeklerde alt ve üst yükseltide Benzaldehyde ve alpha- Pinene ana bileşen olarak tespit edilmiştir. Yapraklarda alt yükseltide Benzaldehyde ve alpha- Pinene, üst yükseltide Benzaldehyde ve Germacrene D ana bileşen olarak tespit edilmiştir. P. nissolii’de çiçeklerde ve yapraklarda alt ve üst yükseltide trans-Caryophyllene ve Germacrene D ana bileşen olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar Bitkilerin uçucu bileşenlerindeki bu değişkenliğin yükseltinin yanı sıra coğrafi konum ve genetik yapı gibi diğer çevresel faktörler ile bitkinin hangi kısmının incelendiği (morfolojik yapı) ve kullanılan analiz yöntemi gibi unsurların etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar bitkilerin kimyasal profillerinin ekolojik faktörlere bağlı olarak önemli değişimler gösterebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Endemik bitkiler
• HS-SPME analizi
• uçucu bileşenler
• yükselti

Kaynakça

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