Katyonik hidroksietil selüloz-jelatin biyokompozitlerin üretimi, genel karakterizasyon özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi ve çapraz bağlayıcı ilavesinin kompozit özelliklerine etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 367 - 376, 31.12.2025

Ceylan Finas , Orçun Çağlar Kurtuluş

https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1813868

Öz

Giriş ve Hedefler Bu çalışma, biyolojik bazlı bir selüloz türevi olan hidroksietil selüloz (HES)’dan katyonik hidroksietil selüloz (KHES) sentezi ile başlamıştır. KHES matrisine farklı miktarlarda jelatin (Jel) polimerinin katılmasından sonra biyokompozitler elde edilmiştir. Bu kompoztilerin farklı kullanım alanlarında değerlendirilebilmesi için genel karakterizasyon özellikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Yöntemler Öncelikle HES, glisidil trimetil amonyum klorür (GTMAC) ile katyonize edilmiştir. Ardından KHES yapısına farklı kraışım oranlarında (80/20, 50/50 ve 20/80; 80/20, %80 KHES ve %20 Jel ağırlık/ağırlık) Jel ilave edilmiştir. Kompozitler polimer bileşenlerinin -86 °C' de 24 saat süre ile dondurulmasından sonra liyofilizasyon tekniği ile üretilmiştir. Çapraz bağlayıcı kullanılmadan yapılan üretimlerin yanı sıra, çapraz bağlayıcının etkilerini göstermek için aynı karışım oranlarında CaCl2 (C) (%5) veya TA (tannik asit) (%5) eklenerek kompozitler üretilmiştir. Karakterizasyon çalışmaları için porozite değerleri, yoğunluk, BET (Bruneuer Emmett Teller) yüzey alanı, sıvı emilimi (su, fosfat tamponlu salin-PBS, yağ), su buharı geçirgenliği, FTIR spektrumu, bakteriyel direnç özellikleri ve SEM (Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu) görüntüleme testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular 0,0121 g/cm3 ile 0,0238 g/cm3 araslğında düşük yoğunluk değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek porozite değerlerine ek olarak spesifik yüzey alanı değerleri (206 g/m2-307 g/m2) de yüksek olarak tespit edilmiş ve bu iki özelliğin çapraz bağlayıcı katkısı ile olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. S. aureus ve E. coli' ye karşı antibakteriyel performanslara ek olarak sıvı emilim çalışmaları da yapılmış ve her bir sıvı için yüksek emilim performansları (su %1135-%1533; PBS %1098-%1628; yağ %1237-%5236) belirlenmiştir.
Sonuçlar Farklı karışım oranlarında KHES ve Jel içeren KHES-Jel esaslı biyokompozitlerin üretimi donma-liyofilizasyon prosesi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Düşük yoğunluklu ve yüksek oranda poröz yapılar elde edilmiştir. Yüksek WVT, antibakteriyel özellikler ve sıvı absorpsiyon kapasitesine sahip olması sebebi ile bu biyokompozitlerin geniş bir potansiyel uygulama alanına sahiptir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Katyonik hidroksietil selüloz , kompozit , jelatin , hidroksietil selüloz

Etik Beyan

-

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2209 (1919B012327052)

Fabrication of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose-gelatin biocomposite, assessment of general characterization properties, and influence of crosslinker addition on composite specifications

Öz

Background and Aims This study was started with the synthesis of cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (CHEC) from HEC, which is a biological cellulose derivative. After adding different amounts of Gel polymer into the CHEC matrix, bicomposite materials were obtained. The general characterization properties of these composites were investigated for determining their usability for various applications.
Methods Initially, HEC was cationized with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMAC). Subsequently, Gel was incorporated into CHEC structure in varying proportions (80/20, 50/50, and 20/80; 80/20 denotes 80% CHEC and 20% Gel w/w). Composites were produced by means of the lyophilization process, even after freezing the polymer compounds at -86°C for 24 hours. The effects of the crosslinkers, CaCl₂ (C) (5%) or TA (tannic acid) (5%), were also added into the composition to show their efficiency compared to non-added pure samples. Porosity values, density, BET (Bruneuer Emmett Teller) surface area values, liquid absorption (water, phosphate-buffered saline-PBS, oil), water vapor transmission (WVT), FTIR spectrum, bacterial resistance, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) imaging experiments were carried out to perform the characterization.
Results The low level of density values were determined between 0.0121 g/cm³-0.0238 g/cm³. In addition to high porosity also high spesific surface area values (206 g/m² to 307 g/m²) were obtained and it was determined that both these specifications were negatively effected with addition of crosslinker. Liquid absorption performances were also evaluated and high levels for each liquids (water 1135%-1533%; PBS 1098%-1628%; oil 1237%-5236%) were measured addition to antibacterial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli.
Conclusion Freezing-lyophilization process was carried out to obtain CHEC-Gel-based biocomposites with different mixing ratios of CHEC and Gel. Low level of density and highly porous structures were obtained. Their high WVT, antibacterial properties, and capacity to absorb liquids were all highlighted in the experiments, suggesting that these materials have a wide range of potential specialized uses.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose , composite , gelatin , hydroxyethyl cellulose

Etik Beyan

-

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

Proje Numarası

TÜBİTAK 2209 (1919B012327052)

Teşekkür

The authors would like to express their gratitude to TÜBİTAK, the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, for the financial support it provided.

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