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Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons

Sayı: 13 6 Eylül 2026
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Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons

Öz

Background and Aims Forest road networks are a prerequisite for sustainable forest management. Despite sustained investment since the 1960s, no continuous national series has distinguished between the road categories reported in Turkish official statistics. This study compiles such a series for 1998–2025, establishes which categories can defensibly be counted as network additions, and interprets the resulting density values against international benchmarks and harvesting system requirements. Methods Official General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) statistics were compiled for 1998–2025, covering the five road categories reported under the GDF construction program. Nominal road density was calculated as total road length divided by total forest area (m/ha). A targeted literature search in Web of Science, Scopus and TRDizin identified country-level density values for comparison. Results Türkiye's classified forest road network expanded from 129,483 to 181,403 km between 1998 and 2025, and the total GDF-constructed network from 150,069 to 231,303 km. Nominal density rose from 7.30 to 9.90 m/ha between 1999 and 2025; including village and other public roads through forest, as last reported for 2022, gives 13.25 m/ha. Construction accelerated between 2019 and 2022, driven by tractor roads, whose cumulative length reached six times its 1998 baseline, before declining sharply. Across 24 countries, Türkiye fell below most Central and Alpine European countries (approximately 15–45 m/ha). Conclusion Current density remains well below the twenty m/ha planning benchmark and international reference values. Closing this gap efficiently requires a shift from construction-focused approaches toward functional, optimization-driven network planning that accounts for terrain conditions and harvesting system requirements.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

This study received no financial support from any institution or organization.

Etik Beyan

The author declares that the study was conducted in accordance with scientific research and publication ethics.

Teşekkür

The author thanks the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) for providing the national forestry statistics that made this analysis possible.

Kaynakça

  1. Acar, H.H., Dursun, E., Gulci, S., Gümüş, S., 2017. Assessment of road network planning by using GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation for conversion of coppice forest to high forest. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26(3), 2380-2388.
  2. Bilici, E., Akay, A. E., 2021. Forestry and forest operations in Turkey: challenges and developments. Revista Pădurilor 136(1), 37-52.
  3. Aykut, T., Demir, M., 2005. The importance, evaluation and situation of forest roads in Turkey. Forestist, 55(1), 37–51.
  4. Bajrić, M., Sokolović, Dž., Musić, J., Halilović, V., Knežević, J., 2022. Analysis of openness, dynamics of construction, maintenance and reconstruction of forest roads in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Nova Mehanizacija Šumarstva, 43(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5552/nms.2022.1.
  5. Bayoğlu, S., Seçkin, Ö.B., 1982. Forest Road Construction Work and Benefits in Turkey. İstanbul University Faculty of Forestry Publication ID:2883/307, İstanbul.
  6. Bilici, E., 2009. A study on the integration of firebreaks and fireline with forest road networks and its planning and construction (A case study of Gallipoly National Park). Forestist, 59(2), 85–102.
  7. Bolding, M. C., Conrad, J. L., Eliasson, L., Spinelli, R., Magagnotti, N., Miller, T. R., Mapatunage, H., 2025. The evolution and expansion of cut-to-length harvesting systems beyond Scandinavia: challenges and opportunities in Central and Southern Europe and North America. Current Forestry Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40725-025-00256-6.
  8. Çalışkan, E., Çağlar, S., 2010. Evaluation of the damages caused by forest road construction works to the environment. III. National Black Sea Forestry Congress, 2, 564–570.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Orman Ürünleri Transportu ve Ölçme Bilgisi

Bölüm

Derleme

Yayımlanma Tarihi

6 Eylül 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

12 Mayıs 2026

Kabul Tarihi

17 Ağustos 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA
Hatay, T. Y. (2026). Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13, 1950012. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1950012
AMA
1.Hatay TY. Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons. AOAD. 2026;(13):1950012. doi:10.53516/ajfr.1950012
Chicago
Hatay, Taha Yasin. 2026. “Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 13: 1950012. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1950012.
EndNote
Hatay TY (01 Eylül 2026) Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 1950012.
IEEE
[1]T. Y. Hatay, “Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons”, AOAD, sy 13, s. 1950012, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.1950012.
ISNAD
Hatay, Taha Yasin. “Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi. 13 (01 Eylül 2026): 1950012. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1950012.
JAMA
1.Hatay TY. Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons. AOAD. 2026;:1950012.
MLA
Hatay, Taha Yasin. “Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 13, Eylül 2026, s. 1950012, doi:10.53516/ajfr.1950012.
Vancouver
1.Taha Yasin Hatay. Forest road network density and planning: Current status in Türkiye and global comparisons. AOAD. 01 Eylül 2026;(13):1950012. doi:10.53516/ajfr.1950012