Araştırma Makalesi

Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices

Sayı: 13 27 Ekim 2026
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Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices

Öz

Background and Aims Wildfires can cause substantial changes in vegetation condition and ecosystem structure, making rapid and reliable post-fire assessment essential for environmental management. This study evaluated vegetation change, burn severity, and short-term post-fire response following the 2025 Palisades Fire in California, USA. Methods Multi-temporal Landsat 8 and Landsat 9 Collection 2 Level-2 Surface Reflectance imagery acquired on 21 December 2024 (pre-fire), 14 January 2025 (active-fire) and 15 February 2025 (early post-fire) was analyzed. Vegetation dynamics were assessed using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and differenced NDVI (dNDVI), while burn severity was evaluated using the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and conventional pre-fire–post-fire differenced NBR (dNBR). Burn severity was classified into five classes. An independent accuracy assessment was performed using Sentinel-2 imagery acquired on 21 February 2025. Results Vegetation condition declined markedly during the active-fire period, followed by localized early post-fire spectral improvement. Within the 3,045.87 ha common valid pre-fire–post-fire analysis area, Moderate-High Severity represented the largest class at 1,173.78 ha (38.54%), followed by Moderate-Low Severity at 684.18 ha (22.46%) and High Severity at 592.65 ha (19.46%). Together, these three classes accounted for 80.46% of the valid analysis area. The burned–unburned classification achieved an Overall Accuracy of 83.58% and a Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of approximately 0.64. Conclusion The integration of Landsat-derived vegetation and burn-sensitive spectral indices with independent Sentinel-2 validation provides an effective framework for rapid wildfire assessment. However, early post-fire spectral improvements should not be interpreted as complete ecological recovery, and longer-term monitoring is required to evaluate ecosystem resilience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Teşekkür

The authors gratefully acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) for providing access to the Landsat 8/9 satellite data, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and USGS for the Landsat 9 mission, and the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) for providing the wildfire perimeter dataset and related fire information used in this study. The authors sincerely thank the reviewers for their valuable comments, constructive suggestions and careful evaluation of the manuscript. Their insightful feedback has significantly contributed to improving the clarity, scientific quality and overall presentation of this study.

Kaynakça

  1. Arifin, S., Manalu, J., Kartika, T., Yulianto, F., Julzarika, A., Mukhoriyah, Sukowati, K. A. D., Nugroho, G., 2020. Metode pemantauan eksploitasi dan reklamasi tambang batubara menggunakan data Sentinel-2. Jurnal Penginderaan Jauh dan Pengolahan Data Citra Digital, 17(2), 123-133. https://karya.brin.go.id/id/eprint/11756/1/Jurnal_Samsul%20Arifin_Pusfatja_2020.pdf.
  2. Bagheri, S., Karimzadeh, S., Jeihouni, M., Sadegh, M., Fielding, E. J., Miura, H., 2026. Advancing disaster response with a comparative multisensor satellite imagery approach: The 2025 palisades fire in California. Progress in Disaster Science, 30, 100573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2026.100573.
  3. Banskota, A., Kayastha, N., Falkowski, M. J., Wulder, M. A., Froese, R. E., White, J. C., 2014. Forest monitoring using Landsat time series data: a review. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 40(5), 362-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2014.987376.
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  6. Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem (CDSE)., 2026. Copernicus Browser. European Union’s Copernicus Programme. https://browser.dataspace.copernicus.eu/(accessed 01.10.2026).
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Ormancılık (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

27 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

22 Ağustos 2026

Kabul Tarihi

11 Ekim 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Sayı: 13

Kaynak Göster

APA
Erbaş, N. F., Erbaş, N., & Varlık, A. (2026). Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13, 2019764. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.2019764
AMA
1.Erbaş NF, Erbaş N, Varlık A. Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices. AOAD. 2026;(13):2019764. doi:10.53516/ajfr.2019764
Chicago
Erbaş, Nezih Furkan, Nizamettin Erbaş, ve Abdullah Varlık. 2026. “Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 13: 2019764. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.2019764.
EndNote
Erbaş NF, Erbaş N, Varlık A (01 Ekim 2026) Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi 13 2019764.
IEEE
[1]N. F. Erbaş, N. Erbaş, ve A. Varlık, “Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices”, AOAD, sy 13, s. 2019764, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.53516/ajfr.2019764.
ISNAD
Erbaş, Nezih Furkan - Erbaş, Nizamettin - Varlık, Abdullah. “Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi. 13 (01 Ekim 2026): 2019764. https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.2019764.
JAMA
1.Erbaş NF, Erbaş N, Varlık A. Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices. AOAD. 2026;:2019764.
MLA
Erbaş, Nezih Furkan, vd. “Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices”. Anadolu Orman Araştırmaları Dergisi, sy 13, Ekim 2026, s. 2019764, doi:10.53516/ajfr.2019764.
Vancouver
1.Nezih Furkan Erbaş, Nizamettin Erbaş, Abdullah Varlık. Assessment of burn severity and vegetation recovery following the 2025 Palisades fire using Landsat-based spectral indices. AOAD. 01 Ekim 2026;(13):2019764. doi:10.53516/ajfr.2019764