YUKARI DİCLE HAVZASINDA FARKLI ARAZİ KULLANIMLARI ALTINDAKİ TOPRAKLARIN KARBON DEPOLAMA POTANSİYELLERİ

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 63 - 76, 06.08.2018

Mesut Budak Hikmet Günal

Öz

Organik
karbonun toprakta zenginleşmesi, atmosferdeki C konsantrasyonunu azaltarak
iklim değişikliği ile mücadelede geçerli bir stratejidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yukarı
Dicle Havzasında farklı arazi kullanımları altındaki topraklarının karbon
depolama potansiyelinin belirlenmesi ve haritalanmasıdır. Yaklaşık 8700 km²'lik
bir alanı kapsayan çalışma alanı 5 km X
5 km'lik gridlere ayrılmış ve her gridin köşe noktasının toplam 210 adet
bozulmuş ve bozulmamış yüzey (0-20 cm) toprak örneği alınmıştır. Toprak
özelliklerinin 5 km'den daha kısa mesafelerde değişkenliğini belirlemek
amacıyla, birbirini izleyen iki kare gridin köşeleri arasında 250 m, 750 m ve
1750 m mesafelerden 42 toprak örneği daha alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinin
organik karbon ve hacim ağırlıkları belirlenmiş ve her nokta için karbon stoku
hesaplanarak çalışma alanının toprak organik karbon stoku (TOKS) haritası
hazırlanmıştır. Arazi kullanımlarının TOKS üzerine
istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde etki ettiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma
alanında TOKS miktarı 8.06 ile 66.68 Mg ha^-1 arasında değişmekte olup
ortalama TOKS miktarı 30.33 Mg ha^-1’dir. Farklı arazi kullanımları
arasında en yüksek TOCS miktarı 44.33 Mg ha^-1 ile ormanlık alanlarda
iken en düşük TOCS miktarı ise 28.91 Mg ha^-1 ile tarla bitkileri
ekili alanlarda olduğu görülmüştür. Özellikle mera alanlarında aşırı otlatma ve
tarım arazilerindeki geleneksel toprak işleme ile hasat atıklarının yakılması Yukarı
Dicle Havzasında TOKS üzerinde olumsuz etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Toprak karbon depolama, toprak organik karbonu, toprak işleme, farklı arazi kullanımı

Kaynakça

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