Spatial Distribution of Some Toxic Elements in Some Urban Soils of Çankırı, Turkey

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2, 133 - 143, 31.12.2018

Sabit Erşahin , Gülay Karahan , Ebru Gül Seval Sünal Ülkü Dikmen

Öz

Urban soils in Çankırı city have a high potential impact on water and air quality in residential areas. High heavy metal contents of these soils may pose considerable risk to the urban residences as most of the soils are bare due to inappropriate conditions for plant growth. We evaluated vertical and horizontal distribution of heavy metals concentrations in soils along the highway crossing the city in NE to SW direction. Each of ten sampling sites was sampled at five soil depths (0-2,5; 2,5-7,5; 7,5-12,5;12,5-17,5; 17,5-30 cm). The concentrations of heavy metals were measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Means of heavy metal concentrations were Fe>Mg>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Ca>Co> Pb>Na>K>Cd>Hg. Concentrations of Fe and Mg were higher than critical values set for their maximum threshold soil concentrations for human health. The spatial distributions of Mg, Cr, Mn,
Fe, Co, Ni, K, and Ca concentrations gradually decreased from NE to SW. Concentrations of Hg was far greater in the NE-half than SW-half, while concentration of Na was far greater in the SW-half of the transect than its NE- half. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Pb showed patchy distribution, and greater Zn concentrations occurred at both ends of the transect compared to values closer to city center. No significant correlation was found between pH and concentration of any of the studied heavy metals. In general, horizontal variation of heavy metals were greater compared to their vertical variation. Concentration of Mg was far greater than that of Ca and this was attributed to the parent material of the soils, which comprises considerable amount of serpentine. Potential contamination indices of the soil samples were: Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Hg in decreasing order. Integrated pollution index showed that Fe and Mg concentrations of all samples were greater than 1, suggesting that these heavy metals have a significant risk on health of city residents.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çankırı, Heavy metals, Public health, Serpentine, Sodic urban soils

Bazı Çankırı Şehir Topraklarında Toksik Elementlerin Uzaysal Değişimi

Öz

Çankırı şehir toprakları, şehirdeki hava ve su üzerinde önemli potansiyel kirletici etkiye sahiptir. Bu topraklar, içerdikleri yüksek miktarlardaki ağır metaller ve yüzeylerinin çıplak olması nedeniyle şehir sakinleri üzerinde önemli sağlık riski taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, şehri kuzeydoğu ve güneybatı yönünde ikiye ayırmakta olan şehirlerarası ana yol boyunca toprakların ağır metal içeriklerinin dikey ve yatay yöndeki değişimi incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda hat belirlenen 10 noktadan derinlik esasına göre (0-2,5; 2,5-7,5; 7,5-12,5;12,5-17,5; 17,5-30 cm) alınan toprak örnekleri Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS) kullanılarak ağır metaller için analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar ortalamaların Fe>Mg>Mn>Ni>Cr>Zn>Cu>Ca>Co> Pb>Na>K>Cd>Hg şeklinde olduğunu göstermiştir. Mg, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, K ve Ca konsantrasyonu kuzey batından güneydoğuya doğru azalan bir seyir göstermiştir. Cıva konsantrasyonu hattın kuzeydoğu yarısında, güneybatı yarısına nazaran daha yüksek bulunurken; Na içeriğinin güney batı kısmında kuzey doğu kısmına nazaran çok daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kadmiyum, Cu ve Pb konsantrasyonu yamalı/parçalı (patchy) bir dağılım göstermiş, Zn içeriği ise hattın uçlarına yakın bölgelerde merkeze göre çok daha yüksek değerler almıştır. Toprakların pH değerleri ile ağır metal konsantrasyonları arasında önemli bir ilişki çıkmamıştır. Genellikle, ağır metal konsantrasyonları dikey yöne nazaran yatay yönde daha yüksek değişkenlik göstermiştir. Düşük Ca/Mg oranı, bazı toprakların ana materyalinin önemli ölçüde serpantin içerdiğini göstermektedir. Toprakların potansiyel kirlenme indislerinin azalan yönde Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, K, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb ve Hg şeklinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Entegre kirlilik riski Fe ve Mg diğerlerinin 1’den büyük olması nedeniyle bu metallerin şehirdeki insanların sağlığı üzerine önemli risk oluşturduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çankırı, Ağır metaller, Halk sağlığı, Serpantin, Sodik şehir toprakları

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