Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Tütün Ekim Alanlarının Karbon Depolama Potansiyeli ve Bitki Beslenme Durumlarının Mesafeye Bağlı Değişkenliği

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 68 - 81, 30.12.2020

Elif Günal , Nurullah Acir , Hikmet Günal

Öz

Çoğunlukla eğimli arazilerin yer aldığı ormanlık alanlarda, alternatif bir geçim kaynağı olduğundan tütün yetiştiriciliği için önemli miktarda ormanlık alan tahrip edilerek tarım arazisine dönüştürülmüştür. Daimi bitki örtüsünün tahrip edilmesinin ardından, toprağın işlenerek tarımsal üretimde kullanılması, uzun yıllar boyunca depolanan organik maddenin azalmasına, toprakların bozulmaya karşı dirençlerinin zayıflamasına ve erozyona hassas hale gelmesine yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde, çoğunlukla potansiyel orman alanı olan, günümüzde ise buğday/ayçiçeği-tütün rotasyonunda kullanılan arazilerin toprakların temel özellikleri, karbon stoku ve bazı besin elementleri içeriklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu özelliklerin mesafeye bağlı değişkenliklerinin analizi amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplam 73911,35 ha genişliğindeki çalışma alanında yer alan 324 tütün ekili arazinin yüzey toprağı (0-20 cm ) örneklenmiştir. Temel toprak özellikleri, makro besin elementleri ve karbon depolama durumları belirlendikten sonra jeoistatistiksel yöntemler ile mekânsal dağılımlar modellenmiş ve haritalar üretilmiştir. Topraklarının reaksiyonu, orta asidik (4,89) ile hafif alkali (8,46) arasında değişmekte olup, tuzluluk sorunu bulunmamaktadır. Kireç içeriği az (%0,72) ile çok (%46,18) arasında değişmektedir. Ortalama %8,94 olan kireç içeriği, çalışma alanında değişkenliği en yüksek (VK=%106,9) toprak özelliği olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Karbon stoku, 6,05 ile 113,42 Mg C ha-1 toprak-1 arasında olup, ortalama C stoku miktarı 27,98 Mg C ha-1 toprak-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çok yüksek değişkenliğe sahip olmasına rağmen toprakların fosfor konsantrasyonları tütün yetiştiriciliği için yeterli düzeydedir. Çalışılan alanda en küçük oto korelasyona sahip özellik Cstok (193 m) ve en uzun değerin ise kireç (17,2 km) ve değişebilir Mg (18,71 km)’un olduğu görülmektedir. Oldukça geniş ve karmaşık arazilerde çalışılırken, çalışılan alanının toprak oluşum faktörleri bakımından daha homojen bölgelere ayrılmasının mekansal yapının tanımlanması ve alansal dağılımın oluşturulmasında kullanılan modellerin güvenirliğini arttıracağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

karbon stok, alansal dağılım, fosfor, kireç, tütün, Bafra

Destekleyen Kurum

Öz Ege Tütün Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi ve Socotab Yaprak Tütün Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma Öz Ege Tütün Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketi ve Socotab Yaprak Tütün Sanayi ve Ticaret Anonim Şirketinin destekleri ile yürütülmüştür.

Spatial Variability of Carbon Storage Potential and Plant Nutrition Status of Tobacco Planting Areas in the Central Black Sea Region

Öz

Significant amount of forest areas, located on mostly sloping lands has been degraded and converted into agricultural land for tobacco cultivation being an alternative source of income. Cultivation of soils following the destruction of permanent vegetation and the use in agricultural production have led to decrease in sequestered organic matter in long-time, thus, the decrease in resistance of soils to degradation increased the vulnerability to erosion. This study was carried out to determine the basic properties, carbon stock and some nutrient content of soils, which are located mostly in potential forest lands and currently used in wheat/sunflower-tobacco rotation in the Central Black Sea Region, and to analyze spatial variability of these soil properties. Surface soils (0-20 cm) of 324 tobacco cultivated lands in total of 73911,35 ha land were sampled. Basic soil properties, macronutrients and carbon storage status of soil samples were determined, spatial distributions were modeled and maps were produced using geostatistical methods. Soil reaction ranged from moderately acidic (4, 89) to moderately alkaline (8,46), and no salinity problem encountered in the study area. Lime content ranged from low (0,72%) to an excessive (46,18%). Lime content with an average of 8,94% stands out as the soil property with the highest variability (CV=106,9%) in the study area. Carbon stock level was between 6,05 and 113,42 Mg C ha-1 soil-1, and the average C stock was calculated as 27,98 Mg C ha-1 soil-1. Despite being high variability, available phosphorus concentrations of soils was sufficient for tobacco cultivation. The shortest autocorrelation was obtained for Cstok (193 m) and the longest value was for lime (17,2 km) and exchangeable Mg (18,71 km). The results revealed that separation of a large and complex area into more homogeneous zones in terms of soil formation factors will increase the reliability of the models used in defining the spatial structure and creating the spatial distribution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Carbon stock, spatial distribution, phosphorus, lime, tobacco, Bafra

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