Akdeniz bölgesi’ndeki orman yangınlarının uzaktan algılama ve coğrafi bilgi sistemleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmesi: Mersin ili Silifke ilçesi örneği

Öz

Orman yangınları çevreyi ve canlıları olumsuz etkileyen olaylardır. Bu yangınların önlenmesi ile yangın sonrası ağaçlandırma ve koruma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için, hasarın boyutunun belirlenmesi ve yanma şiddetinin hızlı bir şekilde araştırılması gereklidir. Uzaktan algılama (UA) yangından etkilenen bölgelerin ve yanma şiddetinin haritalanmasında Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) ile birlikte sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 2021 yılında Mersin ili Silifke içesinde meydana gelen orman yangını incelenmiştir. Sahanın yangın öncesi ve sonrasına ait Sentinel-2A ve Landsat 8 OLI uydu görüntüleri yardımıyla NDVI (Normalize Fark Vejetasyon İndeksi) ve NBR (Normalize Yanma Şiddeti) indeksleri hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen indeks haritalarından fark haritaları oluşturulmuş, yangın sonrasındaki arazi örtüsündeki değişim ve yanma şiddeti belirlenmiştir. Buna göre toplam yanan alanlar 2324,71 hektardır. Yangına “yüksek” derecede maruz kalan alanlar çalışma alanın %27,72’sini (644,44 ha), “orta” derecede yanan alanlar %66,72’sini (1538,16 ha) ve “düşük” seviyede yanan alanlar ise %6,11’ini (142,11 ha) oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca, EFFIS veri tabanından elde edilen çalışma alanına ait yangın verisiyle de yapılan analizin doğrulaması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu işlem için alıcı işletim karakteristik (receiver operating characteristic – ROC) eğrisi kullanılmış ve eğri altındaki alan (area under the curve - AUC) değeri 0,973 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Çıkan sonuçlar, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü (OGM) yetkililerine ve diğer karar vericilere sürdürülebilir arazi yönetimi uygulamaları konusunda yardımcı olmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Orman yangını
• Landsat 8 OLI
• Sentinel-2A
• Sürdürülebilir orman yönetimi

Evaluation of forest fires using remote sensing and geographic information systems: a case study of Mersin province, Silifke district

Öz

Forest fires are events that negatively affect the environment and living creatures. In order to prevent these fires, and to develop post-fire regeneration techniques, it is vital to promptly evaluate the damage amount and to investigate the fire's severity. Remote sensing (RS) is frequently used with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map fire-affected areas and fire intensity. In this study, the forest fire in Silifke district in Mersin took place in 2021 was examined. Before and following the fire, NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and NBR (Normalized Burn Ratio) indexes were derived using Sentinel-2A and Landsat 8 OLI satellite images. The index maps were used to generate difference maps, and the change in land cover after the fire, as well as the intensity of the fire, was determined. Accordingly, the total area burned is 2324.71 hectares. The study area is made up of 27.72% (644.44 ha) of "high" fire areas, 66.72% (1538.16 ha) of "moderate" fire areas, and 6.11 (142.11 ha) of "low" fire areas. Furthermore, the analysis was validated using fire data from the EFFIS database for the research area. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was employed for this operation, and area under the curve (AUC) value was calculated at 0.973. The conclusions are intended to assist the General Directorate of Forestry (GDF) and other decision-makers to practice sustainable land management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Forest fire
• Landsat 8 OLI
• Sentinel-2A
• Sustainable forest management

Kaynakça

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