Türkiye’de Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerinin orman yol yapımı ve bakımı maliyetlerinin k-medoid kümeleme yöntemi ile kümelenmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 139 - 147

Anıl Orhan Akay

https://doi.org/10.53516/ajfr.1557108

Öz

Giriş ve Hedefler Orman yolları, odun üretimi, silvikültürel müdahaleler gibi aktivitelerin gerçekleştirilmesi için önemli altyapılardır. Bu bağlamda, bu aktivitelerin sürekli olarak yapılabilmesi için belirli dönemler halinde hem orman yollarının yapımı hem de inşaatı yapılan orman yollarının bakımı söz konusu olmaktadır. Söz konusu bu yol yapım ve bakım aktiviteleri yüksek maliyet oluşturan aktivitelerdir. Bu bağlamda, farklı faktörler nedeniyle (topoğrafik koşullar, iklimsel koşullar, odun üretimi vb.) orman yolu yapımı ve orman yol bakımı aktivitelerinin maliyetleri bölgesel olarak değişkenlik gösterebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de 2015-2023 yılları arasında 28 adet orman bölge müdürlüklerinde gerçekleştirilen ortalama orman yolu yapımı ve orman yolu bakımı maliyet değerlerini dikkate alarak, orman bölge müdürlüklerini kümelemektir.
Yöntem Çalışmada kümeleme analizi yöntemi olarak k-medoid kümeleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular 2015-2023 yılları arası Türkiye geneli ortalama orman yolu yapım maliyetinin 5.223,13 $/km olduğu, orman yolu bakım maliyetinin ise 73,96 $/km olduğu belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlarına göre ise orman bölge müdürlüklerinin maliyetler açısından beş kümeye ayrılarak bölgesel olarak farklı dağılım gösterdiği, üç kümenin ortalamasının hem orman yolu yapım hem de orman yolu bakım değişkeni açısından Türkiye ortalaması üstünde olduğuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu kümelerde bulunan orman bölge müdürlüklerinin ağırlıklı olarak Karadeniz ve Akdeniz bölgelerinde dağılım gösterdiği belirlenmiştir.
Sonuçlar Çalışmada kullanılan yöntem, orman yolu yapım ve bakım maliyetleri açsından ilgili orman bölge müdürlüklerinin mekânsal olarak değerlendirilmesine imkân sağlamıştır. Bu bağlamda ulaşılan sonuçlar planlama aşamasında ilgili aktiviteler için oluşturulan bütçelerin mekânsal olarak doğru biçimde dağıtılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. İlerleyen çalışmalarda, il, orman işletme müdürlüğü veya orman işletme şefliği ölçeğinde kümeleme analizleri yapılıp bölgesel maliyet durumları daha kapsamlı ortaya koyulabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kümeleme analizi, odun üretimi, orman yolları, yol bakımı

Clustering of forest road construction and maintenance costs of Regional Forest Directorates in Türkiye using k-medoid clustering method

Öz

Background and aims Forest roads are important infrastructures for wood harvesting, silvicultural interventions etc. In this context, in order to carry out these activities continuously, both the forest roads construction and the maintenance of constructed forest roads are necessary in certain periods. These road construction and maintenance activities are high-cost activities. In this context, due to different factors (topographic conditions, climatic conditions, wood harvesting, etc.), the costs of forest road construction and forest road maintenance activities are may vary regionally. The aim of this study is to cluster the forest regional directorates by considering the average cost values of forest road construction and forest road maintenance activities carried out in 28 forest regional directorates in Türkiye between 2015 and 2023.
Methods In the study, the k-medoid clustering method was used as the clustering analysis method.
Results It was determined that the average forest road construction cost in Turkey between 2015-2023 was 5,223.13$/km, and the forest road maintenance cost was 73.96 $/km. According to the results, it was found that the regional forest directorates were divided into five clusters in terms of costs and showed a regionally different distribution, and the average of three clusters was above the Turkey average in terms of both forest road construction and forest road maintenance variables. It also has been determined that the forest regional directorates in these clusters were mainly located in the Black Sea and Mediterranean regions.
Conclusion The method used in the study has enabled the spatial evaluation of the relevant forest regional directorates in terms of forest road construction and maintenance costs. In this context, the results obtained will contribute to the correct spatial distribution of the budgets created for the relevant activities in the planning phase. In further studies, clustering analyses can be conducted at the provincial, forest enterprise directorate or forest enterprise chief scale and regional cost situations can be more comprehensively revealed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Clustering analysis, wood harvesting, forest roads, road maintenance

Kaynakça

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